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Runout modelling and hazard assessment of Tangni debris flow in Garhwal Himalayas, India

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Abstract

Debris flows are frequently occurring natural processes in geologically complex terrains of the Indian Himalayas. Debris flow runout modelling leading to hazard assessment is essential for planning, designing, and execution of mitigation measures. In the present context, debris flow hazard assessment has been carried out for the Tangni debris flow in Garhwal Himalayas, India. Runout modelling was carried out using a Voellmy model-based 3D numerical simulation for estimation of flow intensity parameters such as runout distance, flow velocity, height and pressure along the propagation path. For calibration of the model inputs, back analysis of Tangni debris flow event that occurred in 2013, with its known runout length and deposition volume as the criteria, has been conducted. The best calibrated values of frictional parameters are obtained at μ = 0.10 and ξ = 400 m/s2. Using the best calibrated values of frictional parameters, hazard assessment was carried out for two potential release areas separately, with different initial volumes, and in combination to derive the probable runout distance along with other flow intensity parameters for different scenarios that may happen in the future. It has been observed that this debris flow scenario including the combination of two potential release areas will block the Alaknanda River, forming a landslide dam with a probable height of 6 m. Debris flow runout modelling-based hazard assessment will be helpful in determining quantitative information on flow intensity parameters, where complete data on past events are generally not available or were not possible to capture for the Indian Himalayan region.

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Acknowledgements

The first author Rajesh Kumar Dash (DST INSPIRE FELLOW, IF160158) acknowledges Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi for providing fellowship to carry out his Doctoral Research. The authors are grateful to the Director, CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee for granting permission to publish this paper.

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  1. Geo-Hazard Risk Reduction Group, CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India

    Rajesh Kumar Dash & Debi Prasanna Kanungo

  2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India

    Rajesh Kumar Dash & Debi Prasanna Kanungo

  3. Institut Terre et Environnement de Strasbourg, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 5 rue René Descartes, F-67084, Strasbourg, France

    Jean Phillippe Malet

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Dash, R.K., Kanungo, D.P. & Malet, J.P. Runout modelling and hazard assessment of Tangni debris flow in Garhwal Himalayas, India. Environ Earth Sci 80, 338 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-09637-z

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