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Enhancing Chlorine-Free Purification Routes of Rice Husk Biomass Waste to Obtain Cellulose Nanocrystals

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Abstract

The global interest in sustainable production of chemicals and materials from lignocellulosic biomass is boosted by the need of replacing fossil derivatives. Cellulose nanocrystals may prove to be one of the most promising green materials of modern times due to its intrinsic properties, renewability and abundance. The preliminary steps to obtain pure cellulose fibers are crucial and must be performed carefully. Several chlorine-free treatments have been developed in order to decrease the environment impact of the pulping process. Among all, traditional pulping with sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide is still the most viable method for industries. Based on that, this work is dedicated to propose and optimize chlorine-free purification routes for isolating cellulose nanocrystals from rice husk agroindustrial waste. The novelty addressed here is the application of mild industrially viable process conditions to perform the chlorine-free purification routes, previously unexplored for rice husk as a source of lignocellulosic raw material. Two routes were performed, reducing lignin from 20 to 2.91% and 4.65%. The formation of cellulose nanocrystals was confirmed by the significant increase in crystallinity, ranging from 40.87% of rice husk, to 77.45% for the first route and 66.21% for the second rout, both being cellulose II. Thus, it has been shown the viability to obtain cellulose nanocrystals using a totally chlorine-free technique to extract and bleach cellulose from rice husk under mild process conditions, in order to add value to this residue reducing its volume and impact on the environment.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Level Personnel (CAPES), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), and Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Santa Catarina (IFSC), for providing financial and technological support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade Campus, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Brazil

    Eduardo Hafemann, Daniela Bresolin & Ricardo Antonio Francisco Machado

  2. Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Santa Catarina, Criciúma Campus, Criciúma, 88813-600, Brazil

    Rodrigo Battisti

  3. Textile Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Blumenau Campus, Blumenau, 89036-004, Brazil

    Cintia Marangoni

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  2. Rodrigo Battisti
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  3. Daniela Bresolin
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  4. Cintia Marangoni
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  5. Ricardo Antonio Francisco Machado
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Correspondence to Rodrigo Battisti.

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Hafemann, E., Battisti, R., Bresolin, D. et al. Enhancing Chlorine-Free Purification Routes of Rice Husk Biomass Waste to Obtain Cellulose Nanocrystals. Waste Biomass Valor 11, 6595–6611 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-020-00937-2

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