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Fungal-Assisted Valorization of Raw Oil Palm Leaves for Production of Cellulase and Xylanase in Solid State Fermentation Media

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Abstract

As yet, the full potential of raw oil palm frond leaves (OPFL) is not fully explored. This study therefore, evaluated OPFL as cheap and sustainable growth substrate for two novel fungi species to produce cellulase and xylanase under solid-state fermentation (SSF). 18S rRNA, phylogeny and BIOLOG® analyses identified the cellulase and xylanase-producing fungal strains as Trichoderma asperellum UC1 and Rhizopus oryzae UC2. In addition to being more robust and fast-growing, strain UC2 demonstrated rapid spore production and exhibited sustained production of cellulase and xylanase as compared to the fungal strain UC1. Maximum endoglucanase, exoglucanase, β-glucosidase and xylanase activity for strain UC1 were recorded as 59.64 U/g, 9.58 U/g, 118.1 U/g and 175.91 U/g, respectively, while UC2 gave the corresponding enzyme activity of 41.62 U/g, 7.65 U/g, 113.07 U/g and 162.68 U/g. It was apparent that strains UC1 and UC2 grew well under SSF of raw OPFL, envisaging the feasibility of this form of oil palm biomass as growth substrate for fungi, yielding satisfactorily high titers of cellulase and xylanase. Noteworthily, the approach adopted by this study offers an alternative avenue to valorizing agriculture biomass, in conjunction to sustainably produce cellulose-acting enzymes to catalyse biofuel and platform chemical productions.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support by the Research University Grant (GUP) from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru [grant number Q.J130000.2526.13H09].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia

    Uchenna R. Ezeilo & Fahrul Huyop

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia

    Roswanira Abdul Wahab & Naji Arafat Mahat

  3. Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia

    Lee Chew Tin

  4. UTM Low Carbon Asia Research Centre, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia

    Lee Chew Tin

  5. Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry, Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, PMB 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

    Uchenna R. Ezeilo

  6. Natural Products and Drug Discovery Center, Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, National Institute of Biotechnology Malaysia, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Block 5-A, Halaman Bukit Gambir, 11700, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

    Iffah Izzati Zakaria

  7. Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia

    Uchenna R. Ezeilo, Roswanira Abdul Wahab, Fahrul Huyop & Naji Arafat Mahat

  8. Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia

    Naji Arafat Mahat

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  1. Uchenna R. Ezeilo
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Contributions

RAW and URE conceived the main conceptual ideas and proof outline. RAW is the main supervisor and, CTL, FH, NAM and IIZ helped co-supervise the project. URE and RAW wrote the manuscript with input from all authors. All authors provided critical feedback and helped shape the analysis and manuscript.

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Correspondence to Roswanira Abdul Wahab.

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Ezeilo, U.R., Wahab, R.A., Tin, L.C. et al. Fungal-Assisted Valorization of Raw Oil Palm Leaves for Production of Cellulase and Xylanase in Solid State Fermentation Media. Waste Biomass Valor 11, 3133–3149 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-019-00653-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-019-00653-6

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