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Adaptation of Potato to Water Shortage: Irrigation Management and Enhancement of Tolerance to Drought and Salinity

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Abstract

Agriculture that depends upon irrigation is challenged by the increasing scarcity of fresh water and global climate change, and increasing human populations aggravate this situation. The potato crop depends on a regular water supply to secure high quality yields. Abiotic stress factors, such as drought, heat and salinity, have severe, adverse effects on growth and yield. In this review, different approaches to cope with water stress are presented. These approaches include altering morphological, physiological and genetic characteristics of potato and the use of biotechnology. For example, native potato and alien genes have been identified by transcriptomics and may provide useful candidates for deployment against stress. Transgenic potato cultivars harboring many of these genes have been evaluated and show promise for future release as new, stress tolerant cultivars. Potential management tools for economizing water use include efficient irrigation systems and precision agriculture. The use of alternative water resources, such as greywater, recycled wastewater, agricultural drainage water, and desalinated water will contribute to the water requirements of the potato crop and should help meet future challenges.

Resumen

La agricultura que depende de riego se enfrenta al reto de la escasez cada vez mayor de agua dulce y al cambio climático global, y con el aumento de la población humana se agrava esta situación. El cultivo de la papa depende de un suministro regular de agua para asegurar rendimientos de alta calidad. Los factores del agobio abiótico, tales como la sequía, el calor y la salinidad, tienen efectos severos adversos en el crecimiento y en rendimiento. En esta revisión se presentan diferentes enfoques para lidiar con el agobio hídrico. Estos enfoques incluyen alteraciones de características morfológicas, fisiológicas y genéticas de la papa y el uso de la biotecnología. Por ejemplo, papa silvestre y genes ajenos se han identificado por transcriptómica y pudieran proporcionar candidatos útiles para ubicación contra el agobio. Se han evaluado variedades de papa transgénicas que contienen muchos de estos genes y se muestran promisorias para futura liberación como variedades nuevas tolerantes al agobio. Las herramientas potenciales de manejo para economizar el uso de agua incluyen sistemas eficientes de riego y agricultura de precisión. El uso de fuentes alternativas de agua, tales como aguas negras, agua residual reciclada, agua del drenaje agrícola, y agua desalinizada, contribuirán a los requerimientos hídricos del cultivo de la papa y pudieran encarar retos futuros.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Drs Yafit Cohen and V. Alchnatis from the Volcani Center, Israel, for providing and allowing using unpublished data of their research (Fig. 2) and for reviewing the PI section and contributing to its content.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel, 76100

    David Levy

  2. Potato Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 850 Lincoln Road, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada, E3B 4Z7

    Warren K. Coleman

  3. Department of Horticulture, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA, 24061

    Richard E. Veilleux

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  1. David Levy
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  2. Warren K. Coleman
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  3. Richard E. Veilleux
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Correspondence to David Levy.

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Levy, D., Coleman, W.K. & Veilleux, R.E. Adaptation of Potato to Water Shortage: Irrigation Management and Enhancement of Tolerance to Drought and Salinity. Am. J. Potato Res. 90, 186–206 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-012-9291-y

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