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Allozyme Variation in Diploid, Polyploid and Mixed-Ploidy Populations of the Pilosella alpicola Group (Asteraceae): Relation to Morphology, Origin of Polyploids and Breeding System

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Abstract

The Pilosella alpicola group includes four species (P. alpicola s.str., P. ullepitschii, P. rhodopea and P. serbica) with allopatric distributions (Alps, Balkans, Carpathians) and contrasting cytotype patterns (diploid, diploid-polyploid and polyploid species). Whereas diploid taxa (P. ullepitschii and P. serbica) reproduce sexually, the mode of reproduction of polyploid cytotypes reflects their origin: autopolyploids of P. rhodopea reproduce sexually, while allopolyploid cytotypes of P. alpicola s.str. apomictically. We used allozymes to elucidate overall genetic variation within the group and to test their utility for taxon discrimination, assessment of polyploid origin and possible correlations with breeding systems. Variation of five allozyme systems encoded by eight polymorphic loci and 29 alleles was studied in 20 populations and 298 plants representing all taxa. Allozymes were proved to be only of limited usefulness for the taxonomic classification within the P. alpicola group. The Western Carpathian populations of P. ullepitschii formed the only genetically well-differentiated group. The same allele suite shared by all cytotypes of P. rhodopea and presence of both balanced and unbalanced heterozygotes in tetraploids was consistent with autopolyploid origins of polyploids and provided further evidence for a primary contact zone. An isolated relic population of P. rhodopea from the Southern Carpathians exhibited lowered values of genetic diversity when compared to the core area. Pronounced fixed heterozygosity was found in P. alpicola s.str., supporting its allopolyploid origin. In accordance with assumptions, genotypic variability was significantly higher in sexually reproducing diploid and diploid-polyploid taxa than in apomictic P. alpicola s.str.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Róbert Lakoštík (Bratislava) for his valuable assistance in the field, Róbert Šuvada (Brzotín) for helping with the map preparation, Frederic Rooks (Praha) for language correction and two anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions. This study was financially supported by the Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic and the Slovak Academy of Sciences (VEGA 1/0028/08 to PM), the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (AV0Z 60050516, to JC) and the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (0021620828, to JC).

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  1. Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 23, Bratislava, Slovakia

    Barbora Šingliarová & Patrik Mráz

  2. Department of Biology, Unit of Ecology and Evolution, University of Fribourg, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland

    Patrik Mráz

  3. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Botany, CZ-25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic

    Jindřich Chrtek & Ivana Plačková

  4. Department of Botany, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Praha 2, Czech Republic

    Jindřich Chrtek

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Correspondence to Barbora Šingliarová.

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Allelic frequencies in eight polymorphic loci in all analyzed populations of the Pilosella alpicola group. Species-unique alleles are indicated in bold (DOC 132 kb)

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Šingliarová, B., Chrtek, J., Plačková, I. et al. Allozyme Variation in Diploid, Polyploid and Mixed-Ploidy Populations of the Pilosella alpicola Group (Asteraceae): Relation to Morphology, Origin of Polyploids and Breeding System. Folia Geobot 46, 387–410 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12224-011-9102-0

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