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Effect of Nonequilibrium Decarburization on Inclusion Transfer During Single Snorkel RH Vacuum Refining

  • Computational Modeling of Metallurgical Furnaces
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Abstract

Single snorkel Rheinstahl–Heraeus (SSRH) has shown outstanding performance in inclusion removal for decades. By coupling the unsteady CO-Ar-liquid steel flow and the nonequilibrium decarburization process, the inclusion mass/population conservation model has been developed to investigate the inclusion transfer behavior of SSRH, and the effect of the bubble slip velocity on the inclusion convection is introduced into the mathematical model in this paper. The result shows that the stirring and the transport effect of CO bubbles can improve the inclusion transfer kinetic condition, and promote the inclusion convection and removal process. In the first minute during SSRH refining, the average inclusion volume concentration and the average inclusion number density in the unsteady CO-Ar-liquid steel flow are 13.63% and 10.85%, respectively, less than those in the steady Ar-liquid steel flow. In addition, due to the greater turbulent collision rate, the average inclusion characteristic radius increases from 1.44 μm (Ar-liquid steel) to 1.56 μm (CO-Ar-liquid steel).

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Abbreviations

\(C_{{\text{V}}}\) :

Inclusion volume concentration, –

\(D_{{{\text{eff}}}}\) :

Effective diffusion coefficient, m2/s

\(\vec{F}_{{C_{{\text{V}}} }}\) :

Transport flux of inclusion volume concentration, m/s

\(\vec{F}_{{\text{N}}}\) :

Transport flux of inclusion number density, m−2·s−1

\(\vec{g}\) :

Gravitational acceleration, m/s2

M :

Molar mass, g/mol

\(\vec{M}_{{\text{t}}}\) :

Interphase momentum transfer, N/m3

N :

Inclusion number density, m−3

\(n_{\text{g}}\) :

Number of bubbles, –

\(\vec{n}\) :

Normal vector, –

\(P_{{{\text{gp}}}}\) :

Attachment probability, –

p :

Pressure, Pa

Re:

Reynolds number, –

r :

Radius, m

r * :

Inclusion characteristic radius, m

S :

Source term, –

t :

Time, s

\(\vec{u}\) :

Velocity, m/s

\(V\) :

Volume, m3

\(w\) :

Mass concentration, –

\(\alpha\) :

Volume fraction, –

\(\alpha_{{{\text{coa}}}}\) :

Inclusion coagulation coefficient, –

\(\beta\) :

Collision rate, m3/s

\(\varepsilon\) :

Turbulent dissipation rate, m2/s3

\(\mu\) :

Viscosity, Pa·s

\(\nu_{{\text{s}}}\) :

Kinematic viscosity of liquid steel, m2/s

\(\rho\) :

Density, kg/m3

C, O:

Dissolved carbon and dissolved oxygen

m:

Mixture

g:

Gas

i, j :

Correlation between inclusion with radius \(r_{i}\) and radius \(r_{j}\)

p:

Inclusion particle

s:

Liquid steel

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Shanghai Baosteel (No. U1460108) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. N2109003).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China

    Shifu Chen, Hong Lei & Changyou Ding

  2. School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China

    Shifu Chen, Hong Lei, Qiang Li, Changyou Ding & Weixue Dou

  3. Jingye Iron and Steel Limited Company, Shijiazhuang, 050400, China

    Weixue Dou & Lishan Chang

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  1. Shifu Chen
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  2. Hong Lei
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Correspondence to Hong Lei.

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Chen, S., Lei, H., Li, Q. et al. Effect of Nonequilibrium Decarburization on Inclusion Transfer During Single Snorkel RH Vacuum Refining. JOM 74, 1578–1587 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-022-05182-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-022-05182-7

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