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In Situ Observations of Agglomeration of Non-metallic Inclusions at Steel/Ar and Steel/Slag Interfaces by High-Temperature Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope: A Review

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Abstract

The agglomeration behavior of non-metallic inclusions in the steelmaking process is important for controlling the cleanliness of the steel. In this work, the observation of agglomeration behaviors of inclusions at steel/Ar and steel/slag interfaces using a high-temperature confocal laser scanning microscope (HT-CLSM) is summarized. This HT-CLSM technique has been applied to observe phase transformation during solidification and heat treatment and the engulfment and pushing behavior of inclusions in front of the solidified interface. In the current work, the inclusion agglomeration behavior at steel/Ar and steel/slag interfaces is summarized and discussed. Subsequently, the development of the theoretical work investigating inclusion agglomeration at steel/Ar and steel/slag interfaces including the initial capillary force model and Kralchevsky–Paunov model is described. Finally, the Kralchevsky–Paunov model is applied to investigating nitride inclusion agglomeration at high-manganese steel/Ar interfaces. This work aims to give a critical review of the application of HT-CLSM in secondary refining as well as a better control of inclusion elimination for clean steel production.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the Canada Foundation for Innovation John Evans Leaders Fund (CFI JELF, Project No. 32826), and the McMaster Steel Research Centre (SRC) members for funding the research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. McMaster Steel Research Centre, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada

    Wangzhong Mu, Neslihan Dogan & Kenneth S. Coley

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  1. Wangzhong Mu
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  2. Neslihan Dogan
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  3. Kenneth S. Coley
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Correspondence to Wangzhong Mu.

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Mu, W., Dogan, N. & Coley, K.S. In Situ Observations of Agglomeration of Non-metallic Inclusions at Steel/Ar and Steel/Slag Interfaces by High-Temperature Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope: A Review. JOM 70, 1199–1209 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-018-2893-1

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