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Observation on Physical Growth of Nonmetallic Inclusion in Liquid Steel During Ladle Treatment

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Abstract

The behaviors of several types of inclusions at a high temperature were examined using a confocal scanning laser microscope (CSLM, 1LM21H/SVF17SP). Although alumina inclusions tended to impact on each other, agglomerate, and grow quickly, no other inclusion type, such as spinel as well as solid and liquid calcium aluminate, was observed to attract each other. The results of confocal microscope study were compared with the industrial investigation. For this purpose, many steel samples were taken at different stages of ladle treatment. The samples were analyzed by scanning and light optical microscopes. Approximately 50,000 inclusions of several types were examined. Only alumina inclusions were attracted to each other and agglomerate. No agglomeration by attractive behavior was observed in the other types of inclusions, including liquid inclusions. Both the industrial data and the in situ observation by CSLM indicate that, although the attraction force and the agglomeration play a significant role in the growth of alumina inclusions, the agglomeration of spinel and calcium aluminate inclusions does not need special consideration in ladle treatment. The agglomeration of liquid calcium aluminate inclusions took place only when they occasionally met as a result of external force, which led to low collision probability. However, the agglomeration of the liquid calcium aluminate inclusions along with alumina particles could be detrimental in the casting process.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to Dr.-Ing. H.P. Heller and Dr.-Ing. A. Franke, Institute of Iron and Steel Technology, Freiberg University of Mining and Technology, for their helps in the analyses. Financial support for this work provided by Uddeholm Tooling AB is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan

    Youngjo Kang (Research Associate) & Kazuki Morita (Professor)

  2. Technical Research Laboratories, POSCO, Pohang, Korea

    Youngjo Kang (Research Associate)

  3. Institute of Iron and Steel Technology, Freiberg University of Mining and Technology, Freiberg, 09596, Germany

    Bahman Sahebkar (Former Senior Engineer) & Piotr R. Scheller (Professor)

  4. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 100 44, Sweden

    Du Sichen (Professor)

Authors
  1. Youngjo Kang
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  2. Bahman Sahebkar
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  3. Piotr R. Scheller
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  4. Kazuki Morita
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  5. Du Sichen
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Du Sichen.

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Manuscript submitted September 15, 2010.

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Kang, Y., Sahebkar, B., Scheller, P.R. et al. Observation on Physical Growth of Nonmetallic Inclusion in Liquid Steel During Ladle Treatment. Metall Mater Trans B 42, 522–534 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-011-9497-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-011-9497-2

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