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Temporal changes in the growth, saponin content and antioxidant defense in the adventitious roots of Panax ginseng subjected to nitric oxide elicitation

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Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) is a diffusible, gaseous signaling molecule. In plants, NO influences growth and development, and it can also affect plant responses to various stresses. Because NO induces root differentiation and interacts with reactive oxygen species, we examined the temporal effect of NO elicitation on root growth, saponin accumulation and antioxidant defense responses in the adventitious roots of mountain ginseng (Panax ginseng). The observations revealed that NO is involved in root growth and saponin production. Elicitation with sodium nitroprusside (SNP) activated O2 −-generating NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity, which most probably subsequently enhanced growth of adventitious roots of mountain ginseng. A severe inhibition of NOX activity and decline in dry weight of SNP elicited adventitious roots in the presence of NOX inhibitor (diphenyl iodonium, DPI), which further supports involvement of NOX in root growth. Enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes by SNP appear to be responsible for low H2O2, less lipid peroxidation, and modulation of ascorbate and non-protein thiol statuses in the adventitious roots of mountain ginseng. Dry mass, saponin content and NOX activity was related with NO content present in adventitious roots of mountain ginseng.

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Abbreviations

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidase

AsA:

Ascorbic acid

CAT:

Catalase

DHA:

Dehydroascorbate

DHAR:

DHA reductase

DTT:

Dithiothreitol

EDTA:

Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid

GR:

Glutathione reductase

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

NOX:

NADPH oxidase

POD:

Peroxidase

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SNP:

Sodium nitroprusside

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

TCA:

Trichloroacetic acid

XTT:

2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide sodium salt

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Acknowledgments

This laboratory work is financially supported by the Ministry of Education and Human Resource Development (MOE), the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy (MOCIE), Ministry of Labor (MOLAB) and the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by Korea government (MOST).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center for the Development of Advanced Horticultural Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Republic of Korea

    Rajesh Kumar Tewari, Eun Joo Hahn & Kee Yoeup Paek

  2. CBN Biotech, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Republic of Korea

    Soo Yeon Lee

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  1. Rajesh Kumar Tewari
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  2. Soo Yeon Lee
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  3. Eun Joo Hahn
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  4. Kee Yoeup Paek
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Correspondence to Kee Yoeup Paek.

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Tewari, R.K., Lee, S.Y., Hahn, E.J. et al. Temporal changes in the growth, saponin content and antioxidant defense in the adventitious roots of Panax ginseng subjected to nitric oxide elicitation. Plant Biotechnol Rep 1, 227–235 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11816-007-0036-1

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