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Root Development and Absorption of Ammonium and Nitrate from the Rhizosphere

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Abstract

Plant roots operate in an environment that is extremely heterogeneous, both spatially and temporally. Nonetheless, under conditions of limited diffusion and against intense competition from soil microorganisms, plant roots locate and acquire vital nitrogen resources. Several factors influence the mechanisms by which roots respond to ammonium and nitrate. Nitrogen that is required for cell division and expansion derives primarily from the apex itself absorbing rhizosphere ammonium and nitrate. Root density and extension are greater in nutrient solutions containing ammonium than in those containing nitrate as the sole nitrogen source. Root nitrogen acquisition alters rhizosphere pH and redox potential, which in turn regulate root cell proliferation and mechanical properties. The net result is that roots proliferate in soil zones rich in nitrogen. Moreover, plants develop thinner and longer roots when ammonium is the primary nitrogen source, an appropriate strategy for a relatively immobile nitrogen form.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Wendy K. Silk for her insightful comments, David R. Smart and Carol L. Wenzel for their efforts on the NO experiments, Jürgend Frensch for his work with the root extensiometer, and Jamie Brayton for her help in maize root growth experiments. This research was supported in part by NSF IBN-99-74927 and USDA NRI-CGP-2000-00647 to AJB.

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  1. Department of Vegetable Crops, University of California, Davis, 95616, California, USA

    Arnold J. Bloom, Paul A. Meyerhoff & Alison R. Taylor

  2. Section of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, 95616, California, USA

    Thomas L. Rost

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  1. Arnold J. Bloom
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  2. Paul A. Meyerhoff
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  3. Alison R. Taylor
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  4. Thomas L. Rost
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Correspondence to Arnold J. Bloom.

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Bloom, A.J., Meyerhoff, P.A., Taylor, A.R. et al. Root Development and Absorption of Ammonium and Nitrate from the Rhizosphere . J Plant Growth Regul 21, 416–431 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-003-0009-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-003-0009-8

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