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Somatic embryogenesis of holm oak (Quercus ilex L.): ethylene production and polyamine content

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Abstract

The production of ethylene and the endogenous content of polyamines (PAs) have been recorded during the early development, maturation and germination of holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) somatic embryos. Ethylene production was high in embryogenic callus, immature somatic embryos and in explants showing secondary embryogenesis, while it was lower in mature and germinating somatic embryos. A higher ethylene production was also associated to the process of secondary embryogenesis. The exogenous application of 1-amino-1-cyclohexane carboxylic acid was not significantly effective on the production of ethylene by holm oak somatic embryos. Total PAs were more abundant in embryogenic callus and in both somatic and zygotic immature embryos, decreasing later on in the mature and germination phases. Immature somatic embryos of holm oak and immature zygotic embryos contain high levels of spermidine (Spd), which decreased during maturation and germination. Spermine (Spm) concentration was lower than that of Spd. Spm was more abundant in embryogenic callus and immature zygotic embryos than in mature embryos. Ethylene production did not seem to interfere with PA metabolism.

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Abbreviations

ACC:

1-Amino-1-cyclohexane carboxylic acid

FW:

Fresh weight

MS:

Murashige and Skoog medium

PAs:

Polyamines

PGR:

Plant growth regulators

Put:

Putrescine

SAM:

S-adenosylmethionine

SH:

Schenk and Hildebrandt medium

Spd:

Spermidine

Spm:

Spermine

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Acknowledgments

This research was funded by the National Institute of Agronomic Research (INIA), project SC94-129.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. IMIDRA, El Encín, Apartado 127, 28800, Alcalá de Henares, Spain

    Pedro V. Mauri

  2. Research Group for Sustainable Management (Tecnatur), Technical University of Madrid (Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, UPM), Ciudad Universitaria s.n., 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Jose A. Manzanera

Authors
  1. Pedro V. Mauri
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  2. Jose A. Manzanera
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jose A. Manzanera.

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Communicated by S. Werbrouck.

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Mauri, P.V., Manzanera, J.A. Somatic embryogenesis of holm oak (Quercus ilex L.): ethylene production and polyamine content. Acta Physiol Plant 33, 717–723 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-010-0596-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-010-0596-5

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