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Reduced major minerals and increased minor nutrients improve micropropagation in three apple cultivars

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Abstract

Mineral nutrient medium requirements for propagation of in vitro shoots of apple (Malus domestica Borkh) ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Maksat’, and ‘Voskhod’ were studied using response surface methodology (RSM). The mineral nutritional factors evaluated were based on Murashige and Skoog (MS) mineral nutrients (NH4NO3, KNO3, CaCl2, KH2PO4, MgSO4, and minor nutrients), with concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 3.0× the MS concentrations. Nine plant growth qualities were evaluated. The most significant factors were NH4NO3 at 0.5 to 1.0× MS, and minor nutrients at 2.0× MS. Most of the other factors were optimal at 0.5×. The quality rating was highest when minor nutrients were 2.0× MS, and most other nutrients were standard concentrations or lower. Increased KH2PO4 and minor nutrients were the most significant for improved multiplication, and higher KNO3 for shoot length. Optimized media were developed for each cultivar based on these models. The cultivars were grown on the three individual optimized media, a general medium based on the three optimizations, and MS. The optimized medium for each cultivar was significantly better for shoot quality and shoot length of each cultivar than MS, but the generalized medium of minors at 2.0× and NH4NO3, CaCl2, and MgSO4 at 0.5× MS, was significantly better for two of the three cultivars and not significantly different for the third. The next step to develop a final optimized medium will require the evaluation of the minor nutrients, determination of optimal concentrations of each, and screening a wide range of Malus germplasm on the finalized medium.

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Acknowledgements

This study was part of a Ph.D. dissertation of Balnur Kabylebekova, Department of Horticulture, Kazakh National Agrarian University. The research was performed at the Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, and the Kazakh Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture. We appreciate the statistical assistance of Dr. Meleksen Akin, Iğdır University, Iğdır-Turkey.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kazakh Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture, Gagarin Ave. 238a, 050060, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan

    Balnur Kabylbekova, Irina Kovalchuk & Gulshariya Kairova

  2. Department of Horticulture, Kazakh National Agrarian University, Valikhanov St 137, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 050000

    Balnur Kabylbekova

  3. Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Timiryazev Str. 45, 050040, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan

    Zinat Mukhitdinova, Timur Turdiyev & Gulnara Madiyeva

  4. Retired, USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository, currently Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA

    Barbara M. Reed

Authors
  1. Balnur Kabylbekova
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  2. Irina Kovalchuk
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  3. Zinat Mukhitdinova
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  4. Timur Turdiyev
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  5. Gulshariya Kairova
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  6. Gulnara Madiyeva
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  7. Barbara M. Reed
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Contributions

Balnur Kabylebekova planned and executed the experiments, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript. Irina Kovalchuk conceptualized the project, assisted with planning, and mentored the project. Zinat Mukhitdinova, Timur Turdiyev, Gulshariya Kairova, and Gulnara Madiyeva assisted with the execution of experiments and collection of data. Barbara M. Reed assisted in planning, coordinated the experimental design and analysis, assisted with data analysis, writing and editing the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Balnur Kabylbekova.

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Editor: Randall P. Niedz

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Kabylbekova, B., Kovalchuk, I., Mukhitdinova, Z. et al. Reduced major minerals and increased minor nutrients improve micropropagation in three apple cultivars. In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant 56, 335–349 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-019-10019-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-019-10019-1

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