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ISSR assay for ascertaining genetic fidelity of micropropagated plants of apple rootstock Merton 793

  • Plant Tissue Culture
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Abstract

With the current trends in high density plantations of fruit trees, numerous clonal rootstocks of apple have been developed through various breeding programs. Among them, Merton 793 is the most popular in India because of the desirable traits of vigorous growth and resistance to woolly apple aphid and collar rot. The planting material of this rootstock cannot be multiplied at a desirable rate by means of conventional vegetative propagation methods, so micropropagation techniques are being explored to augment scarce planting material. Large number of plants can be produced in vitro under aseptic conditions, but there is always a danger of producing somaclonal variants by tissue culture technology. Thus, it is advisable to check the clonal fidelity of in vitro raised plants, especially of perennials prior to their field transplantation. The genetic stability of in vitro raised plants of apple rootstock Merton 793, multiplied through enhanced axillary bud proliferation up to 22 subculture passages, was tested by intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) assay. Of 24 ISSR primers screened, 15 primers produced clear reproducible bands, resulting in a total of 134 distinct bands with an average of 8.9 bands per primer. Apple rootstock MM 111 and scion Jonathan, taken as outliers with tissue culture-raised progenies of Merton 793, ruled out the possibility that the invariant banding pattern occurred because of inefficiency of ISSR primers in detecting variations. The homogenous amplification profile observed for all the micropropagated plants compared to the donor plant confirmed the clonal fidelity of the tissue culture-raised Merton 793 plants. This suggests that axillary bud multiplication is the safest mode for multiplication of true-to-type plants. This is the first study that evaluates the applicability of ISSR markers in establishing clonal fidelity of tissue culture-raised apple plants.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Dr. RK Pachauri, Director General, TERI, for infrastructure support. Thanks are due to Dr. Anandita Singh, Dr. SB Tripathi, and Mr. MS Negi for their assistance. The Senior Research Fellowship from the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research to Ms. Harshita Pathak is duly acknowledged.

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  1. TERI University, Plot No. 10, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110 070, India

    Harshita Pathak

  2. The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Darbari Seth Block, Habitat Place, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, 110 003, India

    Vibha Dhawan

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  1. Harshita Pathak
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  2. Vibha Dhawan
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Correspondence to Harshita Pathak.

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Editor: J. Finer

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Pathak, H., Dhawan, V. ISSR assay for ascertaining genetic fidelity of micropropagated plants of apple rootstock Merton 793. In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant 48, 137–143 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-011-9385-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-011-9385-0

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