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Rhizospheric and endospheric diazotrophs mediated soil fertility intensification in sugarcane-legume intercropping systems

  • Soils, Sec 5 • Soil and Landscape Ecology • Research Article
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose

Sugarcane-legume intercrops have gained attention because of their ability to improve crop productivity in an ecofriendly manner. We investigated the roles of rhizospheric and endospheric diazotrophs in soil nutrient transformation.

Materials and methods

We conducted two field experiments with three treatments: sugarcane monoculture, sugarcane + peanut intercrop, and sugarcane + soybean intercrop. Soil and plant samples were collected and the nutrient content, enzymatic activity, and diazotroph population were assessed. The nitrogenase (nifH) gene and 16S rRNA gene were used for molecular characterization. Correlation analysis was performed to discover the relations among the soil variables, plant variables, and microbial communities.

Results and discussion

The multiple variance analysis results indicated that the intercropping systems had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on soil total P, available K, and soil enzyme dehydrogenase. Higher diazotrophic populations in the rhizosphere and plant endosphere were recovered by sugarcane intercropping. The soybean intercrop had the maximum unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs). A total of 64 nifH gene-positive bacteria were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The BLAST search results classified all diazotrophs into five taxonomic groups: γ-Proteobacteria (28%), Actinobacteria (28%), Firmicutes (25%), β-Proteobacteria (11%), and α-Proteobacteria (8%). All identified bacteria had multiple plant growth-promoting abilities, and only 58% of the bacteria utilized aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) as their sole carbon source. Furthermore, the higher yield and γ-Proteobacteria positively correlated with soil organic matter, and urease activity revealed that intercropping improved soil fertility.

Conclusions

Our study concluded that the intercropping system enriched the beneficial diazotrophs in the plant rhizosphere and endosphere and that these microbes could enhance plant growth and serve as effective bioinoculants to sustain sugarcane production. Moreover, higher soil nutrients (NKP) and biological activity showed the significance of our intercropping practice of a short-duration leguminous crop and a long-duration grass crop, and this practice would be a good solution to reduce the overuse of chemical fertilizers.

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Funding

The present research work was supported by grants from GXAAS (No. GNKB2014021), National High Technology Research and Development Program (“863” Program) of China (2013AA102604), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31171504, 31101122, 31471449), Guangxi Special Funds for Bagui Scholars’ and Distinguished Experts, Guangxi Natural Science Foundation, and Guangxi Academy of Agriculture Sciences Fund (2011GXNSFF018002, 2012GXNSFDA053011, 2013NXNSFAA019073, and GuiNongKe2014YD01).

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Author notes

  1. Manoj Kumar Solanki and Fei-Yong Wang contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Lab, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China

    Manoj Kumar Solanki, Fei-Yong Wang, Chang-Ning Li, Tao-Ju Lan & Yang-Rui Li

  2. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China

    Fei-Yong Wang, Chang-Ning Li & Yang-Rui Li

  3. Agricultural College, State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China

    Fei-Yong Wang, Zhen Wang, Rajesh Kumar Singh, Pratiksha Singh & Li-Tao Yang

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  1. Manoj Kumar Solanki
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Contributions

Y.R.L., L.T.Y. designed the study. M.K.S., F.Y.W., and C.N.L. conducted the experiments. M.K.S. and Z.W. did the isolation and characterization of microbes. T.J.L. supported data collection and analysis. M.K.S., C.N.L., R.K.S., P.S., L.T.Y, and Y.R.L. wrote the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Yang-Rui Li.

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Solanki, M.K., Wang, FY., Wang, Z. et al. Rhizospheric and endospheric diazotrophs mediated soil fertility intensification in sugarcane-legume intercropping systems. J Soils Sediments 19, 1911–1927 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-018-2156-3

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