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Soil carbon storage and accessibility drive microbial carbon use efficiency by regulating microbial diversity and key taxa in intercropping ecosystems

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Abstract

Intercropping is a powerful practice to alter the allocation of photosynthetic carbon (C) to belowground ecosystems via promotion of diversified plant communities. The feedback of soil C stability to intercropping is controlled by microbial C use efficiency (CUE). Despite its significance, there is currently insufficient evidence to decipher how soil microbial CUE reacts to intercropping. By combining a 10-year-long intercropping experiment with a substrate-independent 18O-H2O labelling approach and high-throughput sequencing, we elucidated the performance of intercropping on soil C pool and microbial metabolic traits as well as their relationships with soil microbial communities. Compared with monoculture, maize intercropping with peanut and soybean significantly increased soil C storage, soil mineral-associated organic C (MAOC), soil dissolved organic (DOC), and soil microbial biomass (MBC) contents at maize four growth stages. Soil microbial CUE increased significantly, especially at maize flowering and mature stages, as a consequence of enhanced microbial growth and biomass turnover rate after maize intercropping with peanut and soybean. Soil C storage and accessibility indicators (e.g., MAOC, DOC, and MBC contents) could significantly predict the changes of soil microbial diversity and core taxa. Meanwhile, the beta-diversity (community composition) of soil bacteria, fungi, saprotroph and protists, as well as rare fungal taxa were positively correlated with soil microbial CUE, and these indicators showed a high prediction of the microbial CUE. Soil C storage and accessibility indicators directly and indirectly influenced soil microbial CUE by regulating microbial diversity and key taxa. Soil microbial diversity and core taxa directly and indirectly influenced microbial CUE by mediating microbial respiration, growth, biomass, and enzyme activity, which mediated by soil C storage and accessibility. These findings provide an evidence for the associations between microbial diversity, CUE, and soil C stability, highlighting the importance of intercropping-driven soil microbiome to enhance soil microbial CUE.

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Acknowledgements

Our work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42107262) and the Key Field Research and Development Program of Hunan Province (2023NK2028).

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  1. Ziyu Yang and Qirui Zhu contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China

    Ziyu Yang, Qirui Zhu, Yuping Zhang, Pan Jiang, Yizhe Wang, Jiangchi Fei, Xiangmin Rong, Jianwei Peng & Gongwen Luo

  2. National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, 410128, China

    Yuping Zhang, Jiangchi Fei, Xiangmin Rong, Jianwei Peng & Gongwen Luo

  3. Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Changsha, 410128, China

    Yuping Zhang, Jiangchi Fei, Xiangmin Rong, Jianwei Peng & Gongwen Luo

  4. State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Resource and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, P. R. China

    Xiaomeng Wei

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GL and XW conceived, designed and financially supported the study; ZY and QZ analyzed the data and wrote the paper, and conducted the analytical work with PJ, YW and JF; XR and JP revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Yuping Zhang, Xiaomeng Wei or Gongwen Luo.

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Yang, Z., Zhu, Q., Zhang, Y. et al. Soil carbon storage and accessibility drive microbial carbon use efficiency by regulating microbial diversity and key taxa in intercropping ecosystems. Biol Fertil Soils 60, 437–453 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01804-1

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