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Arsenopyrite weathering under conditions of simulated calcareous soil

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Abstract

Mining activities release arsenopyrite into calcareous soils where it undergoes weathering generating toxic compounds. The research evaluates the environmental impacts of these processes under semi-alkaline carbonated conditions. Electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, EIS), spectroscopic (Raman, XPS), and microscopic (SEM, AFM, TEM) techniques are combined along with chemical analyses of leachates collected from simulated arsenopyrite weathering to comprehensively examine the interfacial mechanisms. Early oxidation stages enhance mineral reactivity through the formation of surface sulfur phases (e.g., S n 2−/S0) with semiconductor properties, leading to oscillatory mineral reactivity. Subsequent steps entail the generation of intermediate siderite (FeCO3)-like, followed by the formation of low-compact mass sub-micro ferric oxyhydroxides (α, γ-FeOOH) with adsorbed arsenic (mainly As(III), and lower amounts of As(V)). In addition, weathering reactions can be influenced by accessible arsenic resulting in the formation of a symplesite (Fe3(AsO4)3)-like compound which is dependent on the amount of accessible arsenic in the system. It is proposed that arsenic release occurs via diffusion across secondary α, γ-FeOOH structures during arsenopyrite weathering. We suggest weathering mechanisms of arsenopyrite in calcareous soil and environmental implications based on experimental data.

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Acknowledgments

Financial support for this research work is greatly appreciated from CONACYT (Grants 2012-183230 and 2013-205416). The authors thank Jacques Lambert (Université de Lorraine), Erasmo Mata (IG-UASLP), and Francisco Galindo (IM-UASLP) for their XPS analyses and massive mineral electrodes preparation and construction, respectively. The authors also thank Pr. Marcos G. Monroy (IM-UASLP) for invaluable support during this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango (UJED), Av. Veterinaria S/N, Circuito Universitario, Col. Valle del Sur, 34120, Durango, Mexico

    René H. Lara, Leticia J. Velázquez & Miguel A. Escobedo-Bretado

  2. Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, México, DF, 09340, Mexico

    Jorge Vazquez-Arenas

  3. Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l’Environnement (LCPME), UMR 7564 CNRS–Université de Lorraine, 405 rue de Vandœuvre, F-54600, Villers-lès-Nancy, France

    Martine Mallet & Manuel Dossot

  4. Departamento de Energía, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Azcapotzalco, Av. San Pablo 180, Azcapotzalco, México, DF, 02200, Mexico

    Israel Labastida

  5. Crecimiento Económico y Medio Ambiente, Departamento Economía, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Azcapotzalco, Av. San Pablo 180, Azcapotzalco, México, DF, 02200, Mexico

    Fabiola S. Sosa-Rodríguez

  6. Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, ICB, Av. Benjamín Franklin 4650, Zona PRONAF, 32315, Cd. Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico

    León F. Espinosa-Cristóbal

  7. Instituto de Metalurgia, Facultad de Ingeniería, UASLP, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2a. Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico

    Roel Cruz

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  1. René H. Lara
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Lara, R.H., Velázquez, L.J., Vazquez-Arenas, J. et al. Arsenopyrite weathering under conditions of simulated calcareous soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 3681–3706 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5560-x

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