Abstract
Introduction
The study of natural variation of metabolites brings valuable information on the physiological state of the organisms as well as their phenotypic traits. In marine organisms, metabolome variability has mostly been addressed through targeted studies on metabolites of ecological or pharmaceutical interest. However, comparative metabolomics has demonstrated its potential to address the overall and complex metabolic variability of organisms.
Objectives
In this study, the intraspecific (temporal and spatial) variability of two Mediterranean Haliclona sponges (H. fulva and H. mucosa) was investigated through an untargeted and then targeted metabolomics approach and further compared to their interspecific variability.
Methods
Samples of both species were collected monthly during 1 year in the coralligenous habitat of the Northwestern Mediterranean sae at Marseille and Nice. Their metabolomic profiles were obtained by UHPLC-QqToF analyses.
Results
Marked variations were noticed in April and May for both species including a decrease in Shannon’s diversity and concentration in specialized metabolites together with an increase in fatty acids and lyso-PAF like molecules. Spatial variations across different sampling sites could also be observed for both species, however in a lesser extent.
Conclusions
Synchronous metabolic changes possibly triggered by physiological factors like reproduction and/or environmental factors like an increase in the water temperature were highlighted for both Mediterranean Haliclona species inhabiting close habitats but displaying different biosynthetic pathways. Despite significative intraspecific variations, metabolomic variability remains minor when compared to interspecific variations for these congenerous species, therefore suggesting the predominance of genetic information of the holobiont in the observed metabolome.
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Acknowledgements
This project (Grant-Aid Agreement No. PBA/MB/16/01) is carried out with the support of the Marine Institute and is funded under the Marine Research Programme by the Irish Government. M.-A.T. received a Ph.D. scholarship from the French Ministry for Higher education and Research. Metabolomic analyses were performed on the MALLABAR platform (Funded by the CNRS, the Provence Alpes Côte d’Azur Region and the Total Foundation). S. Greff (IMBE Marseille, France) is acknowledged for his help in recording and analysing the metabolomic data.
Funding
This project (Grant-Aid Agreement No. PBA/MB/16/01) is carried out with the support of the Marine Institute and is funded under the Marine Research Programme by the Irish Government. The Ph.D. scholarship of M.-A. Tribalat has been funded by the French “Ministère de lʼEnseignement supérieur, de la Recherche et de lʼInnovation”.
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Methodology and Formal Analysis, M.-A.T., T.P., M.R.; Validation, O.P.T.; Writing—Original Draft Preparation, M.R.; Writing—Review & Editing, O.P.T.; Supervision, T.P., O.P.T.; Project Administration, O.P.T.; Funding Acquisition, T.P., O.P.T.
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Reverter, M., Tribalat, MA., Pérez, T. et al. Metabolome variability for two Mediterranean sponge species of the genus Haliclona: specificity, time, and space. Metabolomics 14, 114 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-018-1401-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-018-1401-5