Abstract
As an important raw material for pharmaceutical, food and feed industry, highly efficient production of L-tryptophan by Escherichia coli has attracted a considerable attention. However, there are complicated and multiple layers of regulation networks in L-tryptophan biosynthetic pathway and thus have difficulty to rewrite the biosynthetic pathway for producing L-tryptophan with high efficiency in E. coli. This review summarizes the biosynthetic pathway of L-tryptophan and highlights the main regulatory mechanisms in E. coli. In addition, we discussed the latest metabolic engineering strategies achieved in E. coli to reconstruct the L-tryptophan biosynthetic pathway. Moreover, we also review a few strategies that can be used in E. coli to improve robustness and streamline of L-tryptophan high-producing strains. Lastly, we also propose the potential strategies to further increase L-tryptophan production by systematic metabolic engineering and synthetic biology techniques.
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Abbreviations
- TCA:
-
Tricarboxylic acid
- EMP:
-
Glycolytic pathway
- PP:
-
Pentose phosphate
- PTS:
-
Phosphotransferase system
- MDS:
-
Multiple-deletion series
- G6P:
-
Glucose-6-phosphate
- 6PGL:
-
6-Phosphogluconolactone
- 6PG:
-
6-Phosphogluconate
- Ru5P:
-
Ribulose-5-phosphate
- E4P:
-
Erythrose-4-phosphate
- F6P:
-
Fructose-6-phosphate
- GA3P:
-
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
- 3-PG:
-
3-Phosophoglycerate
- PEP:
-
Phosphoenolpyruvate
- Pyr:
-
Pyruvate; Ace-CoA, acetyl-CoA
- ICit:
-
Isocitrate; α-KG, α-ketoglutarate
- Suc:
-
Succinate; Mal, malate
- OAA:
-
Oxaloacetate
- Gln:
-
L-glutamine
- Ser:
-
L-serine
- Trp:
-
L-tryptophan
- Glu:
-
L-glutamate
- PRPP:
-
Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate
- DAHP:
-
3-Deoxy-d-arobino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate
- PRA:
-
Anthranilate-5-phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate
- InGP:
-
InG phosphate
- CDRP:
-
1-(O-carboxyphenyl amino) 1-deoxyribulose 5-phosphate
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Acknowledgements
We thank Prof. Zhi-Ming Rao from School of Biotechnology at Jiangnan University for assistance in manuscript writing. This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFC2100900), the Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University (KLIB-KF 202004), and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [No. JUSRP115A19].
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Liu, S., Xu, JZ. & Zhang, WG. Advances and prospects in metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for L-tryptophan production. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 38, 22 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-021-03212-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-021-03212-1