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Assessment of the Hyperaccumulating Lead Capacity of Salvinia minima Using Bioadsorption and Intracellular Accumulation Factors

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Abstract

Salvinia minima has been reported as a cadmium and lead hyperaccumulator being the adsorption and intracellular accumulation the main uptake mechanisms. However, its physicochemical properties, the effect of metal concentration and the presence of organic and inorganic compounds on its hyperaccumulating capacity are still unknown. Furthermore, the specific adsorption and accumulation mechanisms occurring in the plant are not clear yet. Thus, based on a compartmentalization analysis, a bioadsorption (BAF) and an intracellular accumulation factor (IAF) were calculated in order to differentiate and quantify these two mechanisms. The use of kinetic models allowed predicting the specific type of uptake mechanisms involved. Healthy plants were exposed to five lead concentrations ranging from 0.80 ± 0.0 to 28.40 ± 0.22 mg Pb2+l−1 in batch systems. A synthetic wastewater, amended with propionic acid and magnesium sulfate, and deionized water were used as media. The BAF and IAF contributed to gain an in-depth insight into the hyperaccumulating lead capacity of S. minima. It is clear that such capacity is mainly due to adsorption (BAF 780–1980) most likely due to its exceptional physico-chemical characteristics such as a very high surface area (264 m2 g−1) and a high content of carboxylic groups (0.95 mmol H+g−1 dw). Chemisorption was predicted as the responsible mechanism according to the pseudo-second order adsorption model. Surprisingly, the ability of S. minima to accumulate the metal into the cells (IAF 57–1007) was not inhibited at concentrations as high as 28.40±0.22 mg Pb2+l−1.

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Abbreviations

dw:

Dry weight

TKN:

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen

SWW:

Synthetic Wastewater

DW:

Deionized Water

IC:

Initial Lead Concentration

BCF:

Bioconcentration Factor

BAF:

Bioadsorption Factor

IAF:

Intracellular Accumulation Factor

FOKs :

Pseudo-first order rate equation

SOKs :

Pseudo-second order rate equation

q t :

Sorption capacity (mg g−1) at time t (h)

q e :

Sorption capacity (mg g−1) at equilibrium

k 1 :

Rate constant of pseudo-first order sorption (l h−1)

k 2 :

Rate constant of pseudo-second order sorption (g mg−1 h−1)

t :

Contact time (h)

h :

Initial sorption rate (mg g−1 h−1)

q :

Metal uptake capacity (mg g−1)

q max :

Maximum adsorption capacity (mg g−1)

b :

Langmuir constant related to energy of adsorption (l mg−1)

C e :

Concentration of the metal in liquid phase at equilibrium (mg l−1).

K :

Freundlich constant related to sorption capacity [(mg g−1)(l mg−1)1/n]

n :

Freundlich constant related to sorption intensity

V :

Intracellular accumulation rate at time t (mg Pb2+ g biomass h−1)

V max :

Maximal intracellular accumulation rate (mg Pb2+ g biomass h−1)

K m :

Lead concentration at which a half of the maximal intracellular accumulation rate is attained (mg)

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT) through grant P-46697-Z. Ricardo E. González-Portela and Arith Pérez-Orozco are thanked for technical support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unidad de Biotecnología Ambiental, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., km 2.5 Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351 Congregación El Haya, Xalapa, Ver. 91070, México

    Gloria Sánchez-Galván & Eugenia J. Olguín

  2. Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, México, D.F.

    Gloria Sánchez-Galván

  3. Departamento de Biotecnología, DCBS Grupo de Ciencia y Tecnología Ambiental (CyTAM), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col, Vicentina, C.P. 09340, Iztapalapa, México, D.F.

    Oscar Monroy & Jorge Gómez

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  1. Gloria Sánchez-Galván
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  2. Oscar Monroy
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  3. Jorge Gómez
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  4. Eugenia J. Olguín
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Correspondence to Eugenia J. Olguín.

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Sánchez-Galván, G., Monroy, O., Gómez, J. et al. Assessment of the Hyperaccumulating Lead Capacity of Salvinia minima Using Bioadsorption and Intracellular Accumulation Factors. Water Air Soil Pollut 194, 77–90 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-008-9700-5

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