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Production of bioactive compounds and gene expression alterations in hairy root cultures of chinese cabbage elicited by copper oxide nanoparticles

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Abstract

Chinese cabbage is an important vegetable and rich source of phytochemicals such as glucosinolates (GSLs) and phenolic compounds (PCs) that used for pharmaceutical industries. The use of hairy root cultures (HRCs) has focused significant attention on production of essential bioactive compounds. The present investigation described the influence of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) to enhance the phytochemicals (GSLs and PCs) and gene expression levels as well as their biological (antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative) activities in the HRCs of Chinese cabbage. The contents of copper were highly elevated in CuO NPs-elicited hairy roots (HRs). Glucosinolates (gluconasturtiin, glucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, neoglucobrassicin, 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, glucoallysin, glucobrassicanapin, sinigrin, progoitrin, and gluconapin) and transcript (MYB34, MYB122, MYB28, and MYB29) levels were considerably escalated in CuO NPs-elicited HRs compared to non-elicited HRs. Moreover, phenolic compounds (flavonols, hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids) were significantly enriched in CuO NPs-elicited HRs. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and their gene expression (PAL, CHI, and FLS) levels were highly elevated in CuO NPs-elicited HRs. Furthermore, biological (antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative) activities were significantly greater in CuO NPs-elicited HRs than non-elicited HRs. CuO NPs-elicited HRCs offered an efficient and promising in vitro technique to induce secondary metabolites (GSLs and PCs) for possible nutraceutical and pharmaceutical uses.

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Abbreviations

AMA:

Antimicrobial activity

AOA:

Antioxidant activity

APA:

Antiproliferative activity

CuO NPs:

Copper oxide nanoparticles

DPPH:

1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl

DM:

Dry mass

FM:

Fresh mass

GSLs:

Glucosinolates

HRCs:

Hairy root cultures

HRs:

Hairy roots

IPCs:

Individual phenolic compounds

ICP–MS:

Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry

MTT:

Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide

PGRs:

Plant growth regulators

PCs:

Phenolic compounds

PCR:

Polymerase chain reactions

qRT-PCR:

Reverse-transcription quantitative PCR

RT-PCR:

Real-time polymerase chain reaction

TFC:

Total flavonoid content

TPC:

Total phenolic content

UHPLC–TQMS:

Ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

UHPLC:

Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography

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Acknowledgements

This paper was supported by the KU Research Professor Program of Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea

    Ill-Min Chung, Govindasamy Rajakumar & Muthu Thiruvengadam

  2. Department of Environmental and Herbal Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613005, India

    Kaliyaperumal Rekha

Authors
  1. Ill-Min Chung
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  2. Kaliyaperumal Rekha
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  3. Govindasamy Rajakumar
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  4. Muthu Thiruvengadam
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Contributions

IMC design and wrote the manuscript. KR analyzed the HPLC experiments. GR analyzed the experiments. MT design and performed the experiment and also wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Muthu Thiruvengadam.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Communicated by Sergio J. Ochatt.

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Chung, IM., Rekha, K., Rajakumar, G. et al. Production of bioactive compounds and gene expression alterations in hairy root cultures of chinese cabbage elicited by copper oxide nanoparticles. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 134, 95–106 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-018-1402-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-018-1402-0

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