Abstract
The influence of supplemented thiosulfate (S2O3 2−) as well as a complex of either Ag+ or Cu2+ with S2O3 2− in the culture medium on proliferating root cultures of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) was investigated. The presence of 10–300 μM sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) in half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal salt medium promoted root elongation and proliferation of lateral roots. Growth was enhanced by 1–2 μM AgNO3, but was completely arrested at 5 μM AgNO3; moreover, growth inhibition was elicited by dissolved silver (Ag+) and by silver in silver precipitate particles. Root elongation was also inhibited by 50 μM CuSO4 supplemented to the basal medium. Roots subjected to either AgNO3 or CuSO4 growth inhibiting treatments were unable to recover following transfer to medium lacking either Ag+ or Cu2+. When the basal medium was supplemented with either silver or copper in the form of silver thiosulfate complex or copper thiosulfate complex, root cultures continued to elongate and proliferate, thus either completely alleviating or diminishing the inhibitory effects of Ag+ and Cu2+, respectively. It was concluded that tomato roots sensed and responded to S2O3 2−, hence root proliferation could be promoted by adding Na2S2O3 to the medium. Moreover, a complex of Ag+ with S2O3 2− detoxified dissolved Ag+ and prevented the generation of toxic silver particle precipitates. Consequently, silver thiosulfate was superior to AgNO3 in enhancing root culture. Finally, a complex of Cu2+ with S2O3 2− ligand reduced toxicity of Cu2+ to root cultures of tomato.
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Abbreviations
- BM:
-
Basal medium
- CuTS:
-
Copper thiosulfate
- LR:
-
Lateral root
- MES:
-
2-(N-morpholino) ethanesulphonic acid
- MS:
-
Murashige and Skoog medium
- PRS:
-
Primary root segment
- STS:
-
Silver thiosulfate
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Acknowledgments
We are grateful to the excellent technical assistance of Mrs. Yona Tabib. The authors thank anonymous reviewers of the journal for their thoughtful comments on an earlier draft of this article. The research was supported in part by Grant No. 261-0212-100, and is contribution No. 104/2011 from the ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel.
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Steinitz, B., Bilavendran, A.D. Thiosulfate stimulates growth and alleviates silver and copper toxicity in tomato root cultures. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 107, 355–363 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-011-9987-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-011-9987-6