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Effect of exogenous ABA on somatic embryo maturation and germination in Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.)

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Abstract

Low efficiency of embryo maturation, germination and conversion to plantlets is a major problem in many species including Persian walnut. We studied the effects of abscisic acid (ABA) and sucrose, on the maturation and germination of Persian walnut (Juglans regia) somatic embryos. Individual globular somatic embryos were grown on a maturation medium supplemented with different combinations of ABA and sucrose for ca. 1 month, until shoot meristems and radicles had developed. White and opaque embryos in late cotyledonary stage were subjected to desiccation after the culture period on maturation media. The number of germinated somatic embryos was influenced by the concentrations of ABA in the maturation medium. The best treatment for germination, in which both shoot and root were developed contained 2 mg l−1 ABA and resulted in 41% conversion of embryos into plantlets. Regeneration was reduced at higher levels of ABA. While ABA always reduced the rate of secondary embryogenesis, treatments containing 4.0% sucrose significantly increased the number of secondary embryos. On the other hand, sucrose had little influence on maturation. Normal and abnormal embryos were verified anatomically.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

Abscisic acid

DKW:

Driver & Kuniyuki walnut medium

GA3 :

Gibberrelic acid

SE:

Somatic embryogenesis

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank dean assistance of research of College of Abooraihan, University of Tehran and Iranian National Science Foundation (INSF) for providing financial supports for this research. Dr. Ebrahim Firoozabady and Dr. Alireza Nabipour are also acknowledged for pre-reviewing the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Abooraihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Kourosh Vahdati

  2. Department of Plant Physiology, College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Shima Bayat, Hassan Ebrahimzadeh, Maryam Jariteh & Masoud Mirmasoumi

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  1. Kourosh Vahdati
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  2. Shima Bayat
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  3. Hassan Ebrahimzadeh
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  4. Maryam Jariteh
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  5. Masoud Mirmasoumi
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Correspondence to Kourosh Vahdati.

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Vahdati, K., Bayat, S., Ebrahimzadeh, H. et al. Effect of exogenous ABA on somatic embryo maturation and germination in Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.). Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 93, 163–171 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-008-9355-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-008-9355-3

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