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A comparative study of protocols for secure quantum communication under noisy environment: single-qubit-based protocols versus entangled-state-based protocols

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Abstract

The effect of noise on various protocols of secure quantum communication has been studied. Specifically, we have investigated the effect of amplitude damping, phase damping, squeezed generalized amplitude damping, Pauli type as well as various collective noise models on the protocols of quantum key distribution, quantum key agreement, quantum secure direct quantum communication and quantum dialogue. From each type of protocol of secure quantum communication, we have chosen two protocols for our comparative study: one based on single-qubit states and the other one on entangled states. The comparative study reported here has revealed that single-qubit-based schemes are generally found to perform better in the presence of amplitude damping, phase damping, squeezed generalized amplitude damping noises, while entanglement-based protocols turn out to be preferable in the presence of collective noises. It is also observed that the effect of noise depends upon the number of rounds of quantum communication involved in a scheme of quantum communication. Further, it is observed that squeezing, a completely quantum mechanical resource present in the squeezed generalized amplitude channel, can be used in a beneficial way as it may yield higher fidelity compared to the corresponding zero squeezing case.

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Notes

  1. In fact, a random choice of MM or CM mode by Alice provides security in the protocol. In CM mode, both the legitimate parties opt to check eavesdropping while in MM mode they proceed with the communication.

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Acknowledgments

AP acknowledges the support provided by DST, India, through the project number EMR/2015/000393. SB acknowledges support provided by the project number 03(1369)/16/EMR-II funded by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342011, India

    Vishal Sharma & Subhashish Banerjee

  2. Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A 10, Sector-62, Noida, UP, 201307, India

    Kishore Thapliyal & Anirban Pathak

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  1. Vishal Sharma
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  2. Kishore Thapliyal
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  3. Anirban Pathak
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  4. Subhashish Banerjee
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Correspondence to Anirban Pathak.

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Sharma, V., Thapliyal, K., Pathak, A. et al. A comparative study of protocols for secure quantum communication under noisy environment: single-qubit-based protocols versus entangled-state-based protocols. Quantum Inf Process 15, 4681–4710 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-016-1396-7

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