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Ozone sensitivity of four Pakchoi cultivars with different leaf colors: physiological and biochemical mechanisms

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Photosynthetica

Abstract

Ozone (O3) is important air pollutant inducing severe losses of horticultural production. Cultivars of the same species, but with different leaf colors, may differ in their ozone sensitivity. However, it has not been clarified yet if different leaf coloration influences such a sensitivity. In this study, two purple-leafed and two green-leafed cultivars of Pakchoi were selected for ozone fumigation (240 ± 20 nmol mol–1, 09:00–16:00 h). Elevated O3 decreased chlorophyll content, increased anthocyanin (Ant) content, damaged cell membrane integrity, enhanced antioxidative enzyme activities, depressed photosynthetic rate (P N) and stomatal conductance (g s), inhibited maximal quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and effective quantum yield [YII] of PSII photochemistry, and caused visible injury. Purple-leafed cultivars with higher Ant contents were more tolerant than green-leafed cultivars as indicated by lower relative enhancement in malondialdehyde content and lower relative losses in P N, g s, Fv/Fm, and YII. The higher ability to synthesize Ant in the purple-leafed cultivars contributed to their higher photoprotective ability.

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Abbreviations

Ant:

anthocyanins

APX:

ascorbate peroxidase

CAT:

catalase

Car:

carotenoids

CF:

charcoal-filtered air

C i :

intercellular CO2 concentration

Chl:

chlorophyll

E:

transpiration rate

EC:

electrical conductivity

ETR:

electron transport rate

Fo :

minimal fluorescence of the dark-adapted state

Fm :

maximal fluorescence of the dark-adapted state

FM:

fresh mass

Fv/Fm :

maximal efficiency of PSII photochemistry in the dark-adapted state

g s :

stomatal conductance

JG:

Jingguan

MDA:

malondialdehyde

MG:

Meiguan

NPQ:

nonphotochemical quenching

OTCs:

open top chambers

P N :

net photosynthetic rate

POD:

peroxidase

qL:

coefficient of photochemical fluorescence quenching based on lake model

qN:

coefficient of nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching

qP:

coefficient of photochemical fluorescence quenching based on puddle model

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

SOD:

superoxide dismutase

VOCs:

volatile organic compounds

YII :

the effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry

YNPQ :

quantum yield of light-induced nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching

YNO :

quantum yield of nonregulated heat dissipation and fluorescence emission

ZY:

Ziyu

ZZ:

Zizuan

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Elena Paoletti at the National Research Council of Italy and Dr. Caihong Li at the Chinese Academy of Sciences for their kindly revisions of this manuscript. This study was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31401895), Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China (C201221), and ‘Young Talents’ project and Doctoral Fund of Northeast Agricultural University of China (14Q10, 2012RCB36).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, 150030, Harbin, China

    L. Zhang, S. Xiao, Y. J. Chen, Y. W. Zhang & F. S. Luan

  2. State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, 100093, Beijing, China

    H. Xu & Y. G. Li

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  1. L. Zhang
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  2. S. Xiao
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  3. Y. J. Chen
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Correspondence to L. Zhang.

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Zhang, L., Xiao, S., Chen, Y.J. et al. Ozone sensitivity of four Pakchoi cultivars with different leaf colors: physiological and biochemical mechanisms. Photosynthetica 55, 478–490 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-016-0661-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-016-0661-4

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