Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

A 2D hydrodynamic model for river flood prediction in a coastal floodplain

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Natural Hazards Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A two-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic model is developed for the prediction of the water level in the lower Narmada River and its coastal floodplain passing through the Bharuch city of Gujarat, India. The 2D hydrodynamic model is calibrated for the flood of 2006 with due consideration of upstream (releases from Sardar Sarovar Dam) and downstream (tidal level of the sea) boundary conditions. The resistance coefficient of the floodplain is estimated using Landsat imagery based on the land use land cover pattern. The developed model is validated with independent data from a flood in 2013. The developed model is utilized to predict flood levels for the discharges corresponding to a 100-year return period flood, observed maximum flood and standard project flood of Sardar Sarovar Dam, which is situated upstream of the study area on the Narmada River. The model is further used to study the variation in water levels in the lower Narmada River due to the construction of the proposed Bhadbhut barrage for different gate-opening and embankment scenarios. This will be helpful in determining the height and length of the embankments along the river for flood protection. This is the first study in the lower Narmada River after the completion of the Sardar Sarovar Dam and after reaching its full capacity on September 17, 2019. The methodology proposed in this study for river flood prediction on the coastal floodplain using a 2D hydrodynamic model can be applied to similar geographical conditions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Begnudelli L, Sanders BF (2007) Simulation of the St. francis dam-break flood. J Eng Mech 133(11):1200–1212

    Google Scholar 

  • Bellos V, Papageorgaki I, Kourtis I, Vangelis H, Kalogiros I, Tsakiris G (2020) Reconstruction of a flash flood event using a 2D hydrodynamic model under spatial and temporal variability of storm. Nat Hazards 101(3):711–726

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cannata M, Marzocchi R (2012) Two-dimensional dam break flooding simulation: a GIS-embedded approach. Nat Hazards 61(3):1143–1159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carrivick JL (2006) Application of 2D hydrodynamic modelling to high-magnitude outburst floods: an example from Kverkfjöll, Iceland. J Hydrol 321(1–4):187–199

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Castellarin A, Di Baldassarre G, Bates PD, Brath A (2009) Optimal cross-sectional spacing in preissmann scheme 1D hydrodynamic models. J Hydraul Eng 135(2):96–105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chow VT, Maidment DR, Mays LW (1988). Applied hydrology. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New york.

  • Connell RJ, Painter DJ, Beffa C (2001) Two-dimensional flood plain flow. II: model validation. J Hydrol Eng 6(5):406–415

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cook A, Merwade V (2009) Effect of topographic data, geometric configuration and modeling approach on flood inundation mapping. J Hydrol 377(1–2):131–142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CWC (Central Water Commission). (2014). Narmada Basin Report. Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India, New Delhi.

  • DHI. (2017). MIKE 21 flow model FM, user manual. Danish Hydraulic Institute, Hørsholam, Denmark.

  • Gallegos HA, Schubert JE, Sanders BF (2009) Two-dimensional, high-resolution modeling of urban dam-break flooding: a case study of Baldwin Hills, California. Adv Water Resour 32(8):1323–1335

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hicks FE, Peacock T (2005) Suitability of HEC-RAS for flood forecasting. Canadian Water Resour J 30(2):159–174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hunter NM, Bates PD, Horritt MS, Wilson MD (2007) Simple spatially-distributed models for predicting flood inundation: a review. Geomorphology 90(3–4):208–225

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jain SK, Agarwal PK, Singh VP (2007) Hydrology and water resources of India. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeong W (2015) A study on simulation of flood inundation in a coastal urban area using a two-dimensional well-balanced finite volume model. Nat Hazards 77(1):337–354

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karim F, Dutta D, Marvanek S, Petheram C, Ticehurst C, Lerat J, Kim S, Yang A (2015) Assessing the impacts of climate change and dams on floodplain inundation and wetland connectivity in the wet–dry tropics of northern Australia. J Hydrol 522:80–94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krishman Raju KM (2019) Two dimensional hydrodynamic model for prediction of water levels in lower Narmada River during Floods. Post Graduation dissertation thesis, SVNIT-Surat, Surat, Institute of National Importance, Government of India, India

  • Kuiry S, Sen D, Bates PD (2010) Coupled 1D–Quasi-2D flood inundation model with unstructured grids. J Hydraul Eng 136(8):493–506

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kvočka D, Falconer RA, Bray M (2015) Appropriate model use for predicting elevations and inundation extent for extreme flood events. Nat Hazards 79(3):1791–1808

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leopardi A, Oliveri E, Greco M (2002) Two-dimensional modeling of floods to map risk-prone areas. J Water Resour Plan Manag 128(3):168–178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mah DYS, Putuhena FJ, Lai SH (2011) Modelling the flood vulnerability of deltaic Kuching city, Malaysia. Nat Hazards 58(3):865–875

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Majewski W (2008) Urban flash flood in Gdańsk-2001; solutions and measures for city flood management. Int J River Basin Manag, Taylor Francis Group 6(4):357–367

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mignot E, Paquier A, Haider S (2006) Modeling floods in a dense urban area using 2D shallow water equations. J Hydrol 327(1–2):186–199

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Milly PCD, Wetherald RT, Dunne KA, Delworth TL (2002) Increasing risk of great floods in a changing climate. Nature 415(6871):514–517

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moriasi DN, Arnold JG, Van Liew MW, Bingner RL, Harmel RD, Veith TL (2007) Model evaluation guidelines for systematic quantification of accuracy in watershed simulations. Trans ASABE, Am Soc Agric Biol Eng 50(3):885–900

    Google Scholar 

  • Mu JB, Zhang XF (2007) Real-time flood forecasting method with 1-D unsteady flow model. J Hydrodyn 19(2):150–154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nandalal KDW (2009) Use of a hydrodynamic model to forecast floods of Kalu River in Sri Lanka. J Flood Risk Manag 2(3):151–158

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nigussie TA, Altunkaynak A (2019) Modeling the effect of urbanization on flood risk in Ayamama Watershed, Istanbul, Turkey, using the MIKE 21 FM model. Nat Hazards 99(2):1031–1047

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papaioannou G, Loukas A, Vasiliades L, Aronica GT (2016) Flood inundation mapping sensitivity to riverine spatial resolution and modelling approach. Nat Hazards 83(1):117–132

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patel DP, Ramirez JA, Srivastava PK, Bray M, Han D (2017) Assessment of flood inundation mapping of Surat city by coupled 1D/2D hydrodynamic modeling: a case application of the new HEC-RAS 5. Nat Hazards 89(1):93–130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paz AR, Bravo JM, Allasia D, Collischonn W, Tucci CEM (2010) Large-scale hydrodynamic modeling of a complex river network and floodplains. J Hydrol Eng 15(2):152–165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pramanik N, Panda RK, Sen D (2010) One dimensional hydrodynamic modeling of river flow using DEM extracted river cross-sections. Water Resour Manage 24(5):835–852

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quirogaa VM, Kurea S, Udoa K, Manoa A (2016) Application of 2D numerical simulation for the analysis of the february 2014 Bolivian Amazonia flood: application of the new HEC-RAS version 5. Ribagua 3(1):25–33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rahman MM, Arya DS, Goel NK, Dhamy AP (2010) Design flow and stage computations in the Teesta river, Bangladesh, using frequency analysis and MIKE 11 modeling. J Hydrol Eng 16(2):176–186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rajaguru SN, Gupta A, Kale VS, Mishra S, Ganjoo RK, Ely LL, Enzel Y, Baker VR (1995) Channel form and processes of the flood-dominated Narmada river, India. Earth Surf Proc Land 20(5):407–421

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roca M, Davison M (2010) Two dimensional model analysis of flash‐flood processes: application to the Boscastle event. J Flood Risk Manag 3(1):63–71

  • Sahoo SN, Sreeja P (2015) Development of flood inundation maps and quantification of flood risk in an urban catchment of brahmaputra river. ASCE-ASME J Risk Uncertain Eng Syst, Part a: Civil Eng 3(1):A401500

    Google Scholar 

  • Salmonson A (2015) MIKE 21 FM in urban flood risk analysis. A comparative study relating to the MIKE 21 Classic model. Master of Science Thesis Stockholm, Sweden, 2015

  • Smith JA, Miller AJ, Baeck ML, Nelson PA, Fisher GT, Meierdiercks KL (2005) Extraordinary flood response of a small urban watershed to short-duration convective rainfall. J Hydrometeorol 6(5):599–617

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teng J, Jakeman AJ, Vaze J, Croke BFW, Dutta D, Kim S (2017) Flood inundation modelling: a review of methods, recent advances and uncertainty analysis. Environ Model Softw 90:201–216

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tewolde MH, Smithers JC (2006) Flood routing in ungauged catchments using Muskingum methods. Water SA 32(3):379–388

    Google Scholar 

  • Ticehurst C, Dutta D, Karim F, Petheram C, Guerschman JP (2015) Improving the accuracy of daily MODIS OWL flood inundation mapping using hydrodynamic modelling. Nat Hazards 78(2):803–820

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Timbadiya PV, Patel PL, Porey PD (2011) HEC-RAS based hydrodynamic model in prediction of stages of lower Tapi River. ISH J Hydraulic Eng 17(2):110–117

  • Timbadiya PV, Patel PL, Porey PD (2014a) One-dimensional hydrodynamic modelling of flooding and stage hydrographs in the Lower Tapi river in India. Curr Sci 106(5):708–716

    Google Scholar 

  • Timbadiya PV, Patel PL, Porey PD (2014b) A 1D–2D coupled hydrodynamic model for river flood prediction in a coastal urban floodplain. J Hydrol Eng 20(2):05014017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uchida T, Fukuoka S, Ishikawa T (2014) 2D numerical computation for flood flow in upper river basin with tributary inflows by using water level hydrographs observed at the main stream. J Flood Risk Manag 7(1):81–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vijay R, Sargoankar A, Gupta A (2007) Hydrodynamic simulation of river Yamuna for riverbed assessment: A case study of Delhi region. Environ Monit Assess 130(1–3):381–387

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Q, Peng W, Dong F, Liu X, Ou N (2020) Simulating flow of an urban river course with complex cross sections based on the MIKE21 FM model. Water 12(3):761

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yalcin E (2019) Two-dimensional hydrodynamic modelling for urban flood risk assessment using unmanned aerial vehicle imagery: a case study of Kirsehir, Turkey. J Flood Risk Manag 12:e12499

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors appreciate the support received from the Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology (SVNIT), Surat, for the available professional version of the MIKE 21 FM. The authors are thankful for the infrastructural support provided by the Centre of Excellence (CoE) on “Water Resources and Flood Management” TEQIP-II, Ministry of Education, Government of India, for conducting the study reported in this paper. The authors are thankful to the Narmada, Water Resources, Water Supply and Kalpasar Department of Government of Gujarat and Central Water Commission, Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India, for providing the necessary data required in this study. Authors are also thankful to the anonymous reviewers, associate editor and editor for their valuable comments which improved the readability of the paper.

Funding

No external funding received for the present work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India

    P. V. Timbadiya & K. M. Krishnamraju

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, 110016, India

    K. M. Krishnamraju

Authors
  1. P. V. Timbadiya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. K. M. Krishnamraju
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

PVT conceived and designed the work, model and analysis, collected data, developed the methodology, partial performed the analysis for different scenarios, wrote the paper and derived the conclusions. KMK developed the model for study area, run the simulations for different scenarios and prepare primary draft of the paper.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to P. V. Timbadiya.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Timbadiya, P.V., Krishnamraju, K.M. A 2D hydrodynamic model for river flood prediction in a coastal floodplain. Nat Hazards 115, 1143–1165 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05587-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05587-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation