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Thidiazuron-induced somatic embryos, their multiplication, maturation, and conversion in Cinnamomum pauciflorum Nees (Lauraceae)

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Abstract

Thidiazuron (TDZ) induced somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos in Cinnamomum pauciflorum Nees while 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) or picloram only induced callus and/or adventitious buds. The highest induction frequency for somatic embryogenesis was achieved with MS medium (Murashige and Skoog in Physiol Plant 15:473–497 1962) supplemented with 2.5 μM TDZ using torpedo-shaped embryos (3–5 mm in length) as explants. In addition, induction medium was supplemented with 0.8 g l−1 casein, 0.4 g l−1 glutamine, and 10 g l−1 sucrose. Somatic embryos (SEs) initiated from root tips or hypocotyls without callus formation. SEs were maintained and multiplied via secondary somatic embryogenesis. Embryo maintenance medium was similar to induction medium except that TDZ was reduced to 0.5 μM. Secondary embryogenesis was enhanced by supplementation of 5 g l−1 activated charcoal in the culture. The best medium for embryo maturation was MS medium containing 30 g l−1 sucrose and 5 g l−1 Phytagel without plant growth regulators. A typical mature SE consisted of two large cotyledons and a short embryo proper. Approximately 82% of selected mature SEs were able to germinate and 63% could convert into plantlets on germination medium that was composed of half strength MS medium salts, 10 g l−1 sucrose, 3 g l−1 Phytagel, and 5 g l−1 activated charcoal.

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Abbreviations

BA:

6-Benzyladenine

2,4-D:

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

MS:

Murashige and Skoog medium

PGR:

Plant growth regulator

SE:

Somatic embryo

TDZ:

Thidiazuron

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Acknowledgements

This project was funded by Chongqing Nature Science Research Foundation. We would like to express our appreciation to Jiadun Inc. (Chongqing, China) for its support to this project and to Fenfen Zhang and Guzhen Xie (Jiadun Inc.) for their assistance during the research. Thanks also to Prof. Patrick von Aderkas (University of Victoria, Canada) for his valuable suggestions for manuscript improvement.

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  1. M. Shang

    Present address: , P. O. Box 133, Brentwood Bay, BC, V8M 1R3, Canada

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Forest Biology, Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3N5, Canada

    L. Kong

  2. School of Life Science, Southwest University, 400715, Beibei, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China

    D. Dai & M. Shang

  3. Biology Lab, Santai Secondary High School, 621100, Santai, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China

    K. Li

  4. College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China

    C.-X. Zhang

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  1. L. Kong
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Correspondence to L. Kong or C.-X. Zhang.

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Kong, L., Dai, D., Shang, M. et al. Thidiazuron-induced somatic embryos, their multiplication, maturation, and conversion in Cinnamomum pauciflorum Nees (Lauraceae). New Forests 38, 131–142 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-009-9135-x

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