Abstract
Non hydrolytic sol–gel method was employed to synthesize pure anatase TiO2 nanocrystals using tetra isopropyl orthotitanate and poly vinylpyrrolidone as precursors. The structural analyses of the prepared samples were carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermo gravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The capping of PVP around TiO2 nanoparticles was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy, the interaction being via bridging oxygens of the carbonyl (C=O) and the nanoparticle surface. The XRD, Raman and TEM results indicate that the prepared samples had a pure anatase nano-TiO2 structure. The particle size analysed by TEM ranged between 7 and 12 nm. The size of the nanocrystals evaluated from the XRD spectra and TEM micrograph is well in agreement. The spacing for the crystal planes was also determined using the ImageJ program applied to the TEM micrographs.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ershad-Langroudi A, Mai C, Vigier G, Vassoile R (1997) J Appl Polym Sci 65:2387–2393
Cartenuto G, Her YS, Matijevic E (1996) Ind Eng Chem Res 35:2929–2932
Wang B, Wilkes GL, Hedrick JC, Liptak SC, McGrath JE (1991) Macromolecules 24:3449–3450
Lu H, Wang H, Feng S (2010) J Photochem Photobiol A 210:48–53
Yoshida M, Prasad PN (1996) Chem Mater 8:235–241
Jiang H, Kakkar AK (1998) Adv Mater 10:1093–1097
Hench LL, West JK (1990) Chem Rev 90:33–72
Novak BM (1993) Adv Mater 5:422–433
Wang SF, Wang YR, Cheng KC, Chen SH (2010) J Mater Sci Mater Electron 21:104–110
Iuchi K, Ohko Y, Tatsuma T, Fujishima A (2004) Chem Mater 16:1165–1167
Biancardo M, Argazzi R, Bignozzi CA (2005) Inorg Chem 44:9619–9621
Wells AF (1975) Structural inorganic chemistry. Clarendon Press, Oxford
Peng T, Zhao D, Song H, Yan C (2005) J Mol Catal A Chem 238:119–126
Yan QZ, Su XT, Huang ZY, Gea CC (2006) J Eur Ceram Soc 26:915–921
Zhu J, Yang J, Bian ZF, Ren J, Liu YM, Cao Y, Li HX, He HY, Fan KN (2007) Appl Catal B 76:82–91
Zheng M, Gu M, Jin Y, Wang H, Zu P, Tao P, He J (2001) Mater Sci Eng B 87:197–201
Scheirs J, Bigger SW (1993) J Polym Sci Polym Phys Edn 31:287–297
Abramoff MD, Magelhaes PJ, Ram SJ (2004) Biophotonics Intern 11:36–42
Zhang Z, Shao C, Gao F, Li X, Liu Y (2010) J Colloid Interface Sci 347:215–220
Koytepe S, Seckin T, Kivrilcum N, Adiguzel HI (2008) J Inorg Organomet Polym 18:222–228
Fujihara S, Kitta S (2004) Chem Phys Lett 397:479–483
Holmes RL, Campbell JA, Burford RP, Karatchevtseva I (2009) Polym Degrad Stab 94:1882–1889
Nuansing W, Ninmuang S, Jarernboon W, Maensiri S, Seraphin S (2006) Mater Sci Eng B 131:147–155
Almeida RM, Christensen EE (1997) J Sol-Gel Sci Tech 8:409–413
Maity R, Maiti UN, Mitra MK, Chattopadhyay KK (2006) Physica E 33:104–109
Whang CM, Lim SS (2000) Bull Korean Chem Soc 21:1181–1186
Shklover V, Nazeeruddin MK, Zakeeruddin SM, Barbe C, Kay A, Haibach T, Steurer W, Hermann R, Nissen HU, Gratzel M (1997) Chem Mater 9:430–439
Acknowledgments
One of the authors (PV) is thankful to KSCSTE (Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment), Trivandrum, Kerala, for award of Research fellowship. Authors are also thankful to UGC, Government of India for financial assistance through SAP-DRS (Special Assistance Program-Departmental Research Support).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vasudevan, P., Thomas, S., Biju, P.R. et al. Synthesis and structural characterization of sol–gel derived titania/poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) nanocomposites. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 62, 41–46 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-012-2680-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-012-2680-3