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Microbial Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs): Efficient Replacement of Synthetic Polymers

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Abstract

Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biopolyesters produced by microorganisms as intracellular granules under nutrient stress. Due to non-toxic and biodegradable behavior these polyesters are a sustainable source of wide range of biomaterials such as bioplastics. As a result of excellent polymeric properties such as melting temperatures (Tm), glass transition temperature (Tg), crystallinity, Young’s modulus and stress to break ratio these polyesters are capable of replacing the synthetic plastics. Bioplastics produced using PHAs as biomass source can be used for packaging material and disposable products on the other hand biofuels can also be generated using PHAs. PHAs find countless applications in industry, agriculture, pharmaceuticals and health. A large number of bacterial, microalgal and fungal species can produce these polyesters. Bacterial species such as Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. oleovorans, P. stutzeri and Cupriavidus necator are some highly studied microorganisms for PHA production. This review summarizes the most important aspects of PHAs, crystalline and granular structure of PHA biosynthesizing genes and their relevant proteins. Thermal and physical properties, sources, extraction, purification methods of PHAs are briefly discussed. Applications of PHAs, phylogenetic analysis of Pseudomonas sp. in term of its PHAs synthesizing genes, future prospects and possible outcomes are discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Faizan Muneer, Ijaz Rasul, Farrukh Azeem, Muhammad Hussnain Siddique, Muhammad Zubair & Habibullah Nadeem

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  1. Faizan Muneer
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  2. Ijaz Rasul
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Contributions

FM and HN designed and organized the data for the manuscript. IR, MHS and FA contributed in bioinformatics analysis of genes involved in PHA production. MZ provided important data and contributed in Figure designing. FM wrote the manuscript. HN proof read the manuscript. All authors approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Habibullah Nadeem.

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Muneer, F., Rasul, I., Azeem, F. et al. Microbial Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs): Efficient Replacement of Synthetic Polymers. J Polym Environ 28, 2301–2323 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-020-01772-1

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