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Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) in Industrial Applications

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Handbook of Ecomaterials

Abstract

Polyhydroxyalcanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable polyesters produced by many bacteria that accumulate them as intracellular storage material in the cytoplasm. These polymers are potential candidate for substitution of petrochemical nonrenewable plastics for their biodegradable and nontoxic properties.

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) can be synthesized by different strategies, such as microbial production by wild type or recombinant microorganisms, in vitro production via PHA synthase-mediated catalysis, or using genetically engineered plants.

PHA accumulation in natural strains is favored by high availability of carbon source and a limited amount of macrocomponents (nitrogen, phosphate, oxygen) or microcomponents (sulfate, magnesium ions, and other trace elements).

PHAs are applied in many fields, such as packaging, medicine, or agriculture, but the extensive application of the bioplastics is constrained by high production costs, especially for raw material, downstream processing, and polymer recovery.

In this chapter, the progresses in production of PHA in natural strains and in engineered E. coli, Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus, Aeromonas, and other bacteria, such as the halotolerant Halomonas spp., are presented.

In addition, the constrains on purification steps and the potential of high value applications are presented.

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Abbreviations

PHBHHx:

poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyhexanoate

P(3/4HB):

poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate)

PHB-co-HV:

poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate

PHBHV:

poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-cohydroxyvalerate)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Sciences of Food Productions, National Research Council, CNR-ISPA, Lecce, Italy

    Palmiro Poltronieri

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea

    Prasun Kumar

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  1. Palmiro Poltronieri
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  2. Prasun Kumar
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  1. Instituto de Ingeniería Civil Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico

    Leticia Myriam Torres Martínez

  2. Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico

    Oxana Vasilievna Kharissova

  3. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León UANL, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico

    Boris Ildusovich Kharisov

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Poltronieri, P., Kumar, P. (2019). Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) in Industrial Applications. In: Martínez, L., Kharissova, O., Kharisov, B. (eds) Handbook of Ecomaterials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68255-6_70

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