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Optimization of Beidellite/Polyaniline Production Conditions by Central Composite Design for Removal of Acid Yellow 194

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Abstract

In the adsorption process, the adsorbent structure and its interaction with wastewater are the main determinant of the process efficiency. For this reason, the correct selection of the production conditions for the produced adsorbents is critical. In this study, the reaction time and the concentration of acid, oxidant, substrate, and monomer were selected as independent variables which effect the structure of the polyaniline based composite material. These production variables of polyaniline/beidellite (PANI/BEI) composites were designed by response surface methodology (RSM). According to RSM, 46 different PANI/BEI composites were synthesized and were used as an adsorbent in the removal of acid yellow 194. Thus, the optimum PANI/BEI production conditions were determined. After the identification of the optimum PANI/BEI production conditions, the effect of adsorption conditions such as pH, mixing time, and dye concentration were studied by batch experiments. The maximum adsorption capacity was obtained as 123 (mg g−1) at the T = 25 °C, t = 24 h, pH 3, \({m_s}\) = 0.15 g adsorbent, \({V_s}\) = 50 ml dye solution, and \(\omega\) = 200 rpm. The results presented in this study revealed that the central composite design is a suitable method to optimize the production conditions of PANI/BEI and the prepared PANI/BEI composites has an important potential as an adsorbent for the removal of metal-complex dyes such as AY194. In addition, the polymerization of aniline and the removal of dye were confirmed by different analytical techniques such as BET, XRD, SEM, and EDAX.

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Abbreviations

PANI/BEI:

Polyaniline/beidellite composite materials

AY194:

Acid yellow 194

RSM:

Response surface methodology

CCD:

Central composite design

2FI:

Two-factor interaction

ANOVA:

Analyses of variance

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank The University of Kocaeli for the financial support of this project under contract of BAP 2016/008.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Protection, University of Kocaeli, 41275, Izmit, Kocaeli, Turkey

    Nevin Atalay Gengec, Melike Isgoren & Erhan Gengec

  2. Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey

    Mehmet Kobya

  3. Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Kocaeli, 41380, Izmit, Kocaeli, Turkey

    Sevil Veli

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  1. Nevin Atalay Gengec
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Correspondence to Erhan Gengec.

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Gengec, N.A., Isgoren, M., Kobya, M. et al. Optimization of Beidellite/Polyaniline Production Conditions by Central Composite Design for Removal of Acid Yellow 194. J Polym Environ 26, 2619–2631 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-017-1157-4

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