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The Normal Microenvironment Directs Mammary Gland Development

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Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Normal development of the mammary gland is a multidimensional process that is controlled in part by its mammary microenvironment. The mammary microenvironment is a defined location that encompasses mammary somatic stem cells, neighboring signaling cells, the basement membrane and extracellular matrix, mammary fibroblasts as well as the intercellular signals produced and received by these cells. These dynamic signals take numerous forms including growth factors, steroids, cell-cell or cell-basement membrane physical interactions. Cellular growth and differentiation of the mammary gland throughout the developmental stages are regulated by changes in these signals and interactions. The purpose of this review is to summarize current information and research regarding the role of the mammary microenvironment during normal glandular development.

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Abbreviations

2D:

two dimensional

3D:

three dimensional

AREG:

amphiregulin

BM:

basement membrane

ECM:

extracellular matrix

EGF:

epidermal growth factor

EGFR:

epidermal growth factor receptor

ERα:

estrogen receptor-alpha

erbB:

EGF family receptor

FGF:

fibroblast growth factor

HB-EGF:

heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor

HGF:

hepatocyte growth factor

IGF:

insulin-like growth factor

MEC:

mammary epithelial cell

MMP:

matrix metalloproteinase

NRG:

neuregulin

PR:

progesterone receptor

RANKL:

receptor activator of NF-κB ligand

RMF:

reduction mammoplasty fibroblasts

TEB:

terminal end bud

TGF:

transforming growth factor

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to acknowledge Eve E. Kingsley Booth for her illustration. This work was supported by the NSF Emerging Frontiers in Research and Innovation (#CBE0736007) and the Institute for Biological Interfaces of Engineering.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA

    Erin J. McCave, Cheryl A. P. Cass & Karen J. L. Burg

  2. Institute for Biological Interfaces of Engineering, Clemson University, 401 Rhodes Engineering Research Center, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA

    Karen J. L. Burg & Brian W. Booth

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  1. Erin J. McCave
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Correspondence to Brian W. Booth.

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McCave, E.J., Cass, C.A.P., Burg, K.J.L. et al. The Normal Microenvironment Directs Mammary Gland Development. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 15, 291–299 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10911-010-9190-0

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