Abstract
This analytical study documented the presence of transactions in parent–child engagement within a sample of young children at an elevated likelihood for an eventual diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Specifically, the study examined the establishment of transactional engagement through reciprocal behaviors between parents and their young children at-risk for ASD. In the study sample, established transactional engagement occurred at a higher rate than other levels of engagement. Additionally, transactional engagement had a higher likelihood of being established when parents initiated. Post-hoc analyses revealed possible early markers of ASD within a certain behavior displayed in transactions. This study signifies the initial efforts in identifying transactions within parent–child engagement, and foremost, how transactional engagement is established.
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Funding
The parent project providing access to data used for the current study was supported by a US Department of Education through grant #R324A100305 to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, a University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Junior Faculty Award to Lauren Turner-Brown, and an Organization for Autism Research Graduate Student Research Grant to Sallie W. Nowell. The current study also was partially supported by the Royster Society of Fellows at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the Institute of Education Sciences and the US Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs Doctoral Leadership Grant #H325D160060, which both provided support for Thelma E. Uzonyi. This study’s contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the funding agencies. Preliminary results were presented at the 2017 meeting of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association in Los Angeles, CA. Elizabeth R. Crais, Linda R. Watson, Grace T. Baranek, and Lauren Turner-Brown were authors of the First Year Inventory version 2.0 and the experimental Adapted Responsive Teaching intervention used in the parent project. Thelma E. Uzonyi was the author of the Transactional Engagement Coding used with the extant data in the current study. The authors have no other conflicts of interest associated with this publication and there were no conditions attached to the financial support for this work that could have influenced its outcome.
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Conceptualization: Dr. Thelma Uzonyi; Methodology: Dr. Thelma Uzonyi; Formal analysis and investigation: Dr. Thelma Uzonyi; Data collection of initial data set: Dr. Elizabeth Crais, Dr. Linda Watson, Dr. Sallie Nowell, Dr. Grace Baranek, Dr. LauraTurner-Brown; Writing - original draft preparation: Dr. Thelma Uzonyi; Writing - review and editing: Dr. Elizabeth Crais, Dr. Linda Watson, Dr. Sallie Nowell, Dr. Grace Baranek, Dr. Lauren Turner-Brown; Funding acquisition: Dr. Elizabeth Crais, Dr. Linda Watson; Resources: Dr. Sallie Nowell, Dr. Lauren Turner-Brown, Dr. Grace Baranek; Supervision: Dr. Elizabeth Crais. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Uzonyi, T.E., Crais, E.R., Watson, L.R. et al. Measuring Transactional Engagement Among Young Children with Elevated Likelihood for Later Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis. J Autism Dev Disord 53, 759–775 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05124-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05124-3