Skip to main content

Lessons Learned from the Application of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy with Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Handbook of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Children on the Autism Spectrum

Abstract

Given the increasing prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children and its high rate of comorbid disruptive behavior symptoms, there has been a surging demand for evidence-based behavioral interventions with this population. While applied behavioral analysis (ABA) has been the first-line treatment for ASD, other behavioral interventions such as parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) have gained clinical and research interest due to its promising findings and emphasis on parent involvement. This chapter describes the rationale for the application of PCIT to address challenging behaviors in children with ASD utilizing our clinical experiences and case study research conducted in a university-based PCIT clinic. The chapter also presents the clinical challenges we have encountered and treatment adaptations we have used to meet the unique needs of children with ASD and their families. Through various case examples, we discuss lessons learned, clinical considerations, and recommendations in hopes to further promote research and implementation of PCIT with children with ASD.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 429.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 549.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Agazzi, H., Tan, R., & Tan, S. Y. (2013). A case study of parent-child interaction therapy for the treatment of autism spectrum disorder. Clinical Case Studies, 12, 428–442.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Agazzi, H., Tan, S. Y., Ogg, J., Armstrong, K., & Kirby, R. (in press). Does Parent-Child Interaction Therapy reduce maternal stress, anxiety and depression among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder? Child and Family Behavior Therapy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong, K., DeLoatche, K. J., Preece, K. K., & Agazzi, H. (2015). Combining parent-child interaction therapy and visual supports for the treatment of challenging behavior in a child with autism and intellectual disabilities and comorbid epilepsy. Clinical Case Studies, 14(1), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534650114531451

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong, K., & Kimonis, E. R. (2013). Parent-child interaction therapy for the treatment of Asperger's disorder in early childhood: A case study. Clinical Case Studies, 12, 60–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ashburner, J., Ziviani, J., & Rodger, S. (2010). Surviving in the mainstream: Capacity of children with autism spectrum disorders to perform academically and regulate their emotions and behavior at school. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4(1), 18–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.07.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bagner, D. M., & Eyberg, S. M. (2007). Parent-child interaction therapy for disruptive behavior in children with mental retardation: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 36(3), 418–429.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bergan, J. R., & Kratochwill, T. R. (1990). Behavioral consultation and therapy. New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burrell, T. L., & Borrego, J. (2012). Parents' involvement in ASD treatment: What is their role? Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 19(3), 423–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2011.04.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carr, E. G., Dunlap, G., Horner, R. H., Koegel, R. L., Turnbull, A. P., Sailor, W., … Fox, L. (2002). Positive behavior support: Evolution of an applied science. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 4(1), 4–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]. (2018). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years – Autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 sites, United States, 2014. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Surveillance Summaries, 67(6), 1–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dauphin, M., Kinney, E. M., & Stromer, R. (2004). Using video-enhanced activity schedules and matrix training to teach sociodramatic play to a child with autism. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 6(4), 238–250. https://doi.org/10.1177/10983007040060040501

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dixon, D. R., Kurtz, P. F., & Chin, M. D. (2008). A systematic review of challenging behaviors in children exposed prenatally to substances of abuse. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 29(6), 483–502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2007.05.006

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Escalona, A., Field, T., Nadel, J., & Lundy, B. (2002). Brief report: Imitation effects on children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 32(2), 141–144.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Estes, A., Munson, J., Dawson, G., Koehler, E., Zhou, X. H., & Abbott, R. (2009). Parenting stress and psychological functioning among mothers of preschool children with autism and developmental delay. Autism, 13(4), 375–387. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361309105658

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eyberg, S. M. (1988). Parent-child interaction therapy: Integration of traditional and behavioral concerns. Child and Family Behavior Therapy, 10, 33–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eyberg, S. M. (2005). Tailoring and adapting parent-child interaction therapy to new populations. Education and Treatment of Children, 28, 197–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eyberg, S. M., Boggs, S. R., & Algina, J. (1995). Parent-child interaction therapy: Psychosocial model for the treatment of young children with conduct problem behavior and their families. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 31(1), 83–91.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eyberg, S. M., Chase, R. M., Fernandez, M. A., & Nelson, M. M. (2014). Dyadic parent-child interaction coding system (DPICS) clinical manual (4th ed.). Gainesville, FL: PCIT International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eyberg, S. M., Funderburk, B. W., Hembree-Kigin, T. L., McNeil, C. B., Querido, J. G., & Hood, K. K. (2001). Parent-child interaction therapy with behavior problem children: One and two year maintenance of treatment effects in the family. Child and Family Behavior Therapy, 23(4), 1–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Funderburk, B. W., Eyberg, S. M., Newcomb, K., McNeil, C. B., Hembree-Kigin, T., & Capage, L. (1998). Parent-child interaction therapy with behavior problem children: Maintenance of treatment effects in the school setting. Child and Family Behavior Therapy, 20(2), 17–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ginn, N. C., Clionsky, L. N., Eyberg, S. M., Warner-Metzger, C., & Abner, J. P. (2017). Child-directed interaction training for young children with autism spectrum disorders: Parent and child outcomes. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 46(1), 101–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2015.1015135

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hatamzadeh, A., Pouretemad, H., & Hassanabadi, H. (2010). The effectiveness of parent-child interaction therapy for children with high functioning autism. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 994–997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hayes, S. A., & Watson, S. L. (2013). The impact of parenting stress: A meta-analysis of studies comparing the experience of parenting stress in parents of children with and without autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(3), 629–642. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1604-y

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hembree-Kigin, T. L., & McNeil, C. B. (1995). Parent–child interaction therapy. New York, NY: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Holden, B., & Gitlesen, J. (2006). A total population study of challenging behaviour in the county of Hedmark, Norway: Prevalence, and risk markers. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 27(4), 456–465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2005.06.001

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Horner, R. H., Carr, E. G., Strain, P. S., Todd, A. W., & Reed, H. K. (2002). Problem behavior interventions for young children with autism: A research synthesis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 32(5), 423–446. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020593922901

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, S. S., McDonnell, A. P., Nelson, C., & Magnavito, A. (2003). Teaching functional communication skills using augmentative and alternative communication in inclusive settings. Journal of Early Intervention, 25(4), 263–280. https://doi.org/10.1177/105381510302500403

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaat, A. J., & Lecavalier, L. (2013). Disruptive behavior disorders in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders: A review of the prevalence, presentation, and treatment. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7(12), 1579–1594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2013.08.012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koegel, R. L., Dyer, K., & Bell, L. K. (1987). The influence of child-preferred activities on autistic childrens’ social-behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 20(3), 243–252. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1987.20-243

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lesack, R., Bearss, K., Celano, M., & Sharp, W. (2014). Parent-child interaction therapy and autism spectrum disorder: Adaptations with a child with severe developmental delays. Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology, 2(1), 68–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mandell, D. S., Walrath, C. M., Manteuffel, B., Sgro, G., & Pinto-Martin, J. (2005). Characteristics of children with autistic spectrum disorders served in comprehensive community-based mental health settings. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35(3), 313–321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-005-3296-z

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Masse, J. J., McNeil, C. B., Wagner, M., & Chorney, D. B. (2007). Parent-child interaction therapy and high functioning autism: A conceptual overview. Journal of Early and Intensive Behavior Intervention, 4, 714–735.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Masse, J. J., McNeil, C. B., Wagner, S., & Quetsch, L. B. (2016). Examining the efficacy of parent-child interaction therapy with children on the autism spectrum. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(8), 2508–2525. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-016-0424-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matson, J. L., Wilkins, J., & Macken, J. (2008). The relationship of challenging behaviors to severity and symptoms of autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 2(1), 29–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/19315860802611415

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McConachie, H., & Diggle, T. (2007). Parent implemented early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 13(1), 120–129. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2753.2006.00674.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, G. H., Beadle-Brown, J., Wing, L., Gould, J., Shah, A., & Holmes, N. (2005). Chronicity of challenging behaviours in people with severe intellectual disabilities and/or autism: A total population sample. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35(4), 405–418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-005-5030-2

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • National Autism Center. (2015). Findings and conclusions: National standards project phase 2. Randolph, MA: Author Retrieved from http://www.nationalautismcenter.org/national-standards-project/phase-2/

    Google Scholar 

  • National Research Council. (2001). Educating children with autism. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicholas, J. S., Charles, J. M., Carpenter, L. A., King, L. B., Jenner, W., & Spratt, E. G. (2008). Prevalence and characteristics of children with autism-spectrum disorders. Annals of Epidemiology, 18(2), 130–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/i.annepidem.2007.10.013

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pierce, K. L., & Schreibman, L. (1994). Teaching daily living skills to children with autism in unsupervised settings through pictorial self-management. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 27(3), 471–481. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1994.27-471

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Schieve, L. A., Tian, L. H., Baio, J., Rankin, K., Rosenberg, D., Wiggins, L., … Devine, O. (2014). Population attributable fractions for three perinatal risk factors for autism spectrum disorders, 2002 and 2008 autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network. Annals of Epidemiology, 24(4), 260–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.12.014

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sofronoff, K., & Farbotko, M. (2002). The effectiveness of parent management training to increase self-efficacy in parents of children with Asperger syndrome. Autism, 6(3), 271–286. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361302006003005

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Solomon, M., Ono, M., Timmer, S., & Goodlin-Jones, B. (2008). The effectiveness of parent-child interaction therapy for families of children on the autism spectrum. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(9), 1767–1776. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-008-0567-5

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Teach children with autism in everyday settings for the most positive outcomes. (2012, November). The preview: Disabilities. Baltimore, MD: Brookes Publishing. Retrieved from http://archive.brookespublishing.com/articles/dd-article-1112.htm

  • Tempel, A., M. Wagner, S., & McNeil, C. (2009). Parent-child interaction therapy and language facilitation: The role of parent-training on language Development (Vol. 3).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zlomke, K. R., Jeter, K., & Murphy, J. (2017). Open-trial pilot of parent-child interaction therapy for children with autism spectrum disorder. Child and Family Behavior Therapy, 39(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/07317107.2016.1267999

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Heather Agazzi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Agazzi, H., Knap, K., Tan, S.Y., Armstrong, K. (2018). Lessons Learned from the Application of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy with Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. In: McNeil, C., Quetsch, L., Anderson, C. (eds) Handbook of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Children on the Autism Spectrum. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03213-5_28

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics