Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Two Semi-Quantum Private Comparison Protocols of Size Relation Based on Single Particles

  • Published:
International Journal of Theoretical Physics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

With d-dimensional single photons, two semi-quantum private comparison protocols are presented to compare the size relation between two classical parties’ private secrets. The first protocol transmits particles with the distribution model, whereas the second one transmits particles with the circle model. In the two designed protocols, it is not necessary for the classical participants to possess the abilities to measure quantum states, which greatly reduces the consumption of quantum resources. It is demonstrated that the output results of the two presented semi-quantum private comparison protocols are correct, and the private secrets of participants will not be leaked out to others. Security analyses indicate that the two proposed semi-quantum private comparison protocols could counteract some common attacks, including external attacks and participant attacks.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Yang, Y.G., Wen, Q.Y.: An efficient two-party quantum private comparison protocol with decoy photons and two-photon entanglement. J. Phys. A Math. Theor. 42(5), 055305 (2009)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. Chen, X.B., Xu, G., Niu, X.X., Wen, Q.Y., Yang, Y.X.: An efficient protocol for the private comparison of equal information based on the triplet entangled state and single-particle measurement. Opt. Commun. 283(7), 1561–1565 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. Tseng, H.Y., Lin, J., Hwang, T.: New quantum private comparison protocol using EPR pairs. Quantum Inf. Process. 11(2), 373–384 (2012)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  4. Ji, Z.X., Zhang, H.G., Fan, P.R.: Two-party quantum private comparison protocol with maximally entangled seven-qubit state. Mod. Phys. Lett. A 34(28), 1950229 (2019)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. Lang, Y.F.: Quantum gate-based quantum private comparison. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 59(3), 833–840 (2020)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  6. Jia, H.Y., Wen, Q.Y., Song, T.T., Gao, F.: Quantum protocol for millionaire problem. Opt. Commun. 284(1), 545–549 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. Lin, S., Sun, Y., Liu, X.F., Yao, Z.Q.: Quantum private comparison protocol with d-dimensional Bell states. Quantum Inf. Process. 12(1), 559–568 (2013)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. Guo, F.Z., Gao, F., Qin, S.J., Zhang, J., Wen, Q.Y.: Quantum private comparison protocol based on entanglement swapping of d-level Bell states. Quantum Inf. Process. 12(8), 2793–2802 (2013)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. Zhang, W.W., Li, D., Zhang, K.J., Zuo, H.J.: A quantum protocol for millionaire problem with Bell states. Quantum Inf. Process. 12(6), 2241–2249 (2013)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. Yu, C.H., Guo, G.D., Lin, S.: Quantum private comparison with d-level single-particle states. Phys. Scr. 88(6), 065013 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. Liu, W., Wang, Y.B., Sui, A.N., Ma, M.Y.: Quantum protocol for millionaire problem. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 58(7), 2106–2114 (2019)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. Luo, Q.B., Yang, G.W., She, K., Niu, W.N., Wang, Y.Q.: Multi-party quantum private comparison protocol based on d-dimensional entangled states. Quantum Inf. Process. 13(10), 2343–2352 (2014)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. Huang, S.L., Hwang, T., Gope, P.: Multi-party quantum private comparison with an almost-dishonest third party. Quantum Inf. Process. 14(11), 4225–4235 (2015)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. Ye, C.Q., Ye, T.Y.: Multi-party quantum private comparison of size relation with d-level single-particle states. Quantum Inf. Process. 17(10), 252 (2018)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. Cao, H., Ma, W.P., Lu, L.D., He, Y.F., Liu, G.: Multi-party quantum privacy comparison of size based on d-level GHZ states. Quantum Inf. Process. 18(9), 287 (2019)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. Boyer, M., Kenigsberg, D., Mor, T.: Quantum key distribution with classical Bob. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99(14), 140501 (2007)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. Yan, L.L., Zhang, S.B., Chang, Y., Sheng, Z.W., Sun, Y.H.: Semi-quantum key agreement and private comparison protocols using Bell states. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 58(11), 3852–3862 (2019)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  18. Tsai, C.W., Yang, C.W., Lee, N.Y.: Semi-quantum secret sharing protocol using W-state. Mod. Phys. Lett. A 34(27), 1950213 (2019)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. Zheng, T., Chang, Y., Yan, L.L., Zhang, S.B.: Semi-quantum proxy signature scheme with quantum walk-based teleportation. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 59 (10), 3145–3155 (2020)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  20. Chou, W.H., Hwang, T., Gu, J.: Semi-quantum private comparison protocol under an almost-dishonest third party. arXiv:1607.07961 (2016)

  21. Sun, Z.W., Yu, J.P., Wang, P., Xu, L.L., Wu, C.H.: Quantum private comparison with a malicious third party. Quantum Inf. Process. 14(6), 2125–2133 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. Lang, Y.F.: Semi-quantum private comparison using single photons. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 57(10), 3048–3055 (2018)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  23. Ye, T.Y., Ye, C.Q.: Measure-resend semi-quantum private comparison without entanglement. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 57(12), 3819–3834 (2018)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  24. Thapliyal, K., Sharma, R.D., Pathak, A.: Orthogonal-state-based and semi-quantum protocols for quantum private comparison in noisy environment. Int. J. Quantum Inf. 16(5), 1850047 (2018)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  25. Lin, P.H., Hwang, T., Tsai, C.W.: Efficient semi-quantum private comparison using single photons. Quantum Inf. Process. 18(7), 207 (2019)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. Jiang, L.Z.: Semi-quantum private comparison based on Bell states. Quantum Inf. Process. 19(6), 180 (2020)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. Zhou, N.R., Xu, Q.D., Du, N.S., Gong, L.H.: Semi-quantum private comparison protocol of size relation with d-dimensional Bell states. Quantum Inf. Process 20(3), 124 (2021)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  28. Wang, B., Liu, S.Q., Gong, L.H.: Semi-quantum private comparison protocol of size relation with d-dimensional GHZ states. Chinese Phys. B 31(1), 010302 (2022)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. Nie, Y.Y., Li, Y.H., Wang, Z.S.: Semi-quantum information splitting using GHZ-type states. Quantum Inf. Process. 12(1), 437–448 (2013)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. Li, H.H., Gong, L.H., Zhou, N.R.: New semi-quantum key agreement protocol based on high-dimensional single-particle states. Chinese Phys. B 29(11), 110304 (2020)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. Gao, F., Qin, S.J., Wen, Q.Y., Zhu, F.C.: A simple participant attack on the Bradler-Dusek protocol. Quantum Inf. Comput. 7(4), 329–334 (2007)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  32. Ji, Z.X., Ye, T.Y.: Quantum private comparison of equal information based on highly entangled six-qubit genuine state. Commun. Theor. Phys. 65(6), 711–715 (2016)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 62161025 and 61871205).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronic Information Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China

    Yi-Chen Li, Zhen-Yong Chen, Qiang-Da Xu & Li-Hua Gong

Authors
  1. Yi-Chen Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zhen-Yong Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Qiang-Da Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Li-Hua Gong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Li-Hua Gong.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interests

There are no Conflicts of Interest or Competing.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Li, YC., Chen, ZY., Xu, QD. et al. Two Semi-Quantum Private Comparison Protocols of Size Relation Based on Single Particles. Int J Theor Phys 61, 157 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-022-05149-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-022-05149-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation