Abstract
The ability of Rhizobia to colonize roots of certain legumes and promote their growth has been proven previously. In this study the symbiotic efficiency of 47 Rhizobium strains with 6 common bean cultivars was evaluated under greenhouse condition. Fourteen strains showed the best symbiotic efficiency, whereas some isolates could not induce nodules on host plants. The ability of fourteen superior strains to solubilize phosphorus and zinc and to produce auxin, HCN and siderohores was evaluated in the laboratory assays. Rhizobium strain Rb102 produced the highest amount of auxin (14.2 mg l−1) in the medium containing l-tryptophan. None of the isolates were able to solubilize ZnO and ZnCO3 on solid medium but in liquid medium some of them had negligible solubilization. The highest P solubility in liquid and solid medium was observed in strains Rb113 and Rb130, respectively. Strain Rb102 produced the highest amount of siderophores. None of the isolates were able to produce HCN. This study showed that there was a great diversity between the strains of Rhizobium in terms of their plant growth promoting traits symbiotic efficiency which supports the importance of screening rhizobia for selecting the most efficient strains. The genetic diversity of the isolates was analyzed by PCR–RFLP of the 16S rDNA. Our rhizobia were clustered into 10 groups showing high levels of diversity.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alexander DB, Zuberer DA (1991) Use of chrome azurol S reagents to evaluate siderophore production by rhizosphere bacteria. Biol Fertil Soils 12:39–45
Alikhani HA, Saleh-Rastin N, Antoun H (2006) Phosphate solubilization activity of rhizobia native to Iranian soils. Plant Soil 287:35–41
Andrade DS, Murphy PJ, Giller KE (2002) The diversity of Phaseolus-nodulating rhizobial populations is altered by liming of acid soils planted with Phaseolus vulgaris L. in Brazil. Appl Environ Microbiol 68:4025–4034
Andronov EE, Terefework Z, Roumiantseva ML, Dzyubenko NI, Onichtchouk OP, Kurchak ON, Dresler-Nurmi A, Young JPW, Simarov BV, Lindström K (2003) Symbiotic and genetic diversity of Rhizobium galegae isolates collected from the Galega orientalis gene center in the Caucasus. Appl Environ Microbiol 69:1067–1074
Antoun H, Beauchamp CJ, Goussard N, Chabot R, Lalande R (1998) Potential of Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium species as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on non-legumes: effect on radishes (Raphanus sativus L.). Plant Soil 204:57–67
Appunu C, Dhar B (2006) Differential symbiotic response of Bradyrhizobium japonicum phage-typed strains with soybean cultivars. J Microbiol 44(3):363–368
Appunu C, Sen D, Singh MK, Dhar B (2008) Variation in symbiotic performance of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains and soybean cultivars under field conditions. J Eur Cent Agr 9(1):185–190
Arora NK, Kang SC, Maheshwari DK (2001) Isolation of siderophore-producing strains of Rhizobium meliloti and their biocontrol potential against Macrophomina phaseolina that causes charcoal rot of groundnut. Curr Sci 81(6):673–677
Arruda NBD, Dehereiner J, German CN (1968) Inoculation N manuring and time pelleting with three soybean varieties. Pesq Agropec Brasil 3:201–204
Asadi-Rahmani H, Rasanen LA, Afshari M, Lindstrom K (2011) Genetic diversity and symbiotic effectiveness of rhizobia isolated from root nodules of Phaseolus volgaris grown in soil of Iran. Appl Soil Ecol 48:287–293
Biswas JC, Ladha JK, Dazzo FB (2000a) Rhizobia inoculation improves nutrient uptake and growth of lowland rice. Soil Sci Soc Am J 64:1644–1650
Biswas JC, Ladha JK, Dazzo FB, Yanni YG, Rolfe BG (2000b) Rhizobial inoculation influences seedling vigor and yield of rice. Agron J 92:880–886
Carson KC, Meyer JM, Dilworth MJ (1999) Hydroxamate siderophores of root nodule bacteria. Soil Biol Biochem 32:11–21
Chabot R, Antoun H, Cescas MP (1996) Growth promotion of maize and lettuce by phosphate-solubilizing Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli. Plant Soil 184:311–321
Dakora FD (2003) Defining new roles for plant and rhizobial molecules in sole and mixed plant cultures involving symbiotic legumes. New Phytol 158:39–49
Deshwal VK, Dubey RC, Maheshwari DK (2003) Isolation of plant-growth promoting strains of Bradyrhizobium (Arachis sp.) with biocontrol potential against Macrophomina phaseolina causing charcoal rot of peanut. Curr Sci 84:443–448
Dobbelaere S, Vanderleyden J, Okon Y (2003) Plant growth promoting effects of diazotrophs in the rhizosphere. Plant Soil 22:107–149
Donate-Correa J, Leon-Barrios M, Perez-Galdona R (2004) Screening for plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in Chamaecytisus proliferus (tagasaste), a forage tree-shrub legume endemic to the Canary Island. Plant Soil 266:261–272
Ferreira EM, Marques JF (1992) Selection of Portuguese Rhizobium Leguminosarum bv. Trifolii strains for production of legume inoculants. Plant Soil 147:151–158
Giongo A, Passaglia LMP, Freire JRJ, deSá ELS (2007) Genetic diversity and symbiotic efficiency of population of rhizobia of Phaseolus vulgaris L. in Brazil. Biol Fertil Soils 43:593–598
Gonzalez TO, Campanharo JC, Lemos EGM (2008) Genetic characterization and nitrogen fixation capacity of Rhizobium strains on common bean. Pesq agropec bras Brasília 43(9):1177–1184
Handley BA, Hedges AJ, Beringer JE (1998) Importance of host plants for detecting the population diversity of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae in soil. Soil Biol Biochem 30:241–249
Herridge D, Rose I (2000) Breeding for enhanced nitrogen in crop legumes. Field Crops Res 65:229–248
Hungria M, Vargas MAT (2000) Environmental factors affecting N2 fixation in grain legumes in the tropics with an emphasis on Brazil. Field Crops Res 65:151–164
Jadhav RS, Thaker NV, Desai A (1994) Involvement of the siderophore of cowpea Rhizobium in the iron nutrition of the peanut. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 10:360–361
Jeon JS, Lee SS, Kim HY, Ahn TS, Song HG (2003) Plant growth promoting in soil by some inoculated microorganism. J Microbiol 41(4):271–276
Laguerre MR, Allard FR, Amarger N (1994) Rapid identification of rhizobia by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes. Appl Environ Microbiol 60:56–63
Mayak S, Tirosh T, Glick BR (2004) Plant growth promoting bacteria confer resistance in tomato plants to salt stress. Plant Physiol Biochem 42:565–572
Mehboob I, Zahir ZA, Mahboob A, Shahzad SMA, Jawad A, Arshad M (2008) Preliminary screening of rhizobium isolates for improving growth of 55 seedlings under axenic conditions. Soil Environ 27:64–71
Mhamdi R, Laguerre G, Aouani ME, Mars M, Amarger N (2002) Different species and symbiotic genotypes of field rhizobia can nodulate Phaseolus vulgaris in Tunisian soils. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 41:77–84
Mnasri B, Aouani ME, Mhamdi R (2007) Nodulation and growth of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) under water deficiency. Soil Biol Biochem 39:1744–1750
Mundy GN, Jones HR, Mason WK (2003) Nitrogen fixation activity by white clover pastures during flood irrigation cycles. Aust J Agric Res 39:409–414
Neiland JB, Leong SA (1986) Siderophores in relation to plant growth and disease. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 37:187–208
Patten CL, Glick BR (2002) Role of Pseudomonas putida indole acetic acid in development of host plant root system. App Environ Microbiol 48:3795–3801
Piesterse MJ, Pelt JAV, Wees SCMV, Ton J, Leon-Kloosterziel KM, Keurenties JJB, Verhagen BWM, Knoester M, Sluits IV, Bakker PAHM, Van LC (2001) Rhizobacteria mediated induced systemic resistance: triggering, signaling and expression. EurJ Plant Pathol 107:51–61
Pikovskaya RI (1948) Mobilization of phosphate in soil in connection with their vital activities of some microbial species. Microbiologiya 17:362–370
Rashid M, Khalil S, Ayub N, Alam S, Latif F (2004) Organic acids production and phosphate solubilization by phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) under in vitro conditions. Pak J Biol Sci 7(2):187–196
Remans R, Ramaekers L, Schelkens S, Hernandez G, Garcia A, Reyes JL, Mendez N, Toscano V, Mulling M, Galvez L, Vanderleyden J (2008) Effect of Rhizobium-Azospirillum Coinoculation on nitrogen fixation and yield of two contrasting phaseolus vulgaris L. genotype cultivated across different environments in Cuba. Plant Soil 312:25–37
Saravanan VS, Subramoniam SR, Raj SA (2003) Assessing in vitro solubilization potential of different zinc solubilizing bacteria (ZSB) isolates. Braz J Microb 34:121–125
Shamseldin AAY, Vinuesa P, Thierfelder H, Werner D (2005) Rhizobium etli and Rhizobium gallicum Nodulate Phaseolus vulgaris in Egyptian Soils and Display Cultivar-Dependent Symbiotic Efficiency. Symbiosis 38:145–161
Somasegaran P, Hoben JH (1994) Handbook for Rhizobia: methods in legume-Rhizobium technology Springer. Heidelberg, Berlin, p 339
Sridevi M, Mallaiah KV (2007) Bioproduction of indole acetic acid by Rhizobium strains isolated from root nodules of green manure crop, Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. Iran J Biotech 5(3):178–182
Tuzun S, Kloepper JW (1994) Induced systemic resistance by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. In: Stephens PM, Bowen GD (eds) RyderMH. Improving Plant Productivity with Rhizosphere Bacteria. CSIRO, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, pp 104–109
Urzua H (2005) Benefits of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in chile. Cien Inv Agr 32(2):109–124
Wasike VW, Lesueur D, Wachira FN, Mungai NW, Mumera LM, Sanginga N, Mburu HN, Wango P, Vanlauwe B (2009) Genetic diversity of rhizobia nodulating promiscuous soyabean varieties: impact of phosphorus. Plant Soil 322:151–163
Weisburg WG, Barns SM, Pelletier DA, Lane DJ (1991) 16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study. J Bacteriol 173:697–703
Wielbo J, Kuske J, Marek-Kozaczuk AM, Skorupska A (2010) The competition between Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae strains progresses until late stages of symbiosis. Plant Soil 337:125–135
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Abbaszadeh-dahaji, P., Savaghebi, G.R., Asadi-rahmani, H. et al. Symbiotic effectiveness and plant growh promoting traits in some Rhizobium strains isolated from Phaseolus vulgaris L.. Plant Growth Regul 68, 361–370 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-012-9724-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-012-9724-0