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Morphological and molecular diversity within Algerian cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) landraces

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Abstract

Twenty landraces of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) scattered throughout Algeria were compared through morphological and genetic characterization. At the morphological level, for qualitative characters there was no intra-landrace variation and for quantitative characters the variations were low except for landrace NAG2 Three different cultigroups were located in Algeria: Biflora that was dominant in the Sahara, Melanophtalmus in the North and Unguiculata including one landrace in Kabylia and two in Sahara. The AMOVA analysis indicated that the genetic variation was lower within than among agro-ecological regions. A Mantel test, revealed a correlation between the qualitative morphological data and the geographical data (R = 0.28; P < 0.01), indicating that the degree of morphological change among landraces was roughly proportional to the geographical distances separating them. Genetic diversity was analyzed by using 11 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and 12 inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. No intra-landrace variability was found. The eleven RAPD primers yielded 77 bands, of which 45 (58.44%) were polymorphic; the genetic similarity ranged from 66.0 to 96.7%. The twelve ISSR primers provided a total of 104 bands, of which 65 (62.5%) were polymorphic; the genetic similarity ranged from 62.8 to 97.8%. cluster analysis showed a good match between genetic background and geographical distribution, which was confirmed by the results of the Mantel test. In particular, geographical data and genetic data were found to be correlated: (R = 0.33; P < 0.01) for RAPD, (R = 0.37; P < 0.01) for ISSR, and (R = 0.33; P < 0.01) for a combined RAPD-ISSR dataset. Moreover, despite the absence of significant correlation between morphological and RAPD data (R = 0.14; P = 0.14), significant correlations between morphological data and both ISSR (R = 0.27, P < 0.05) and a combined RAPD-ISSR dataset (R = 0.22, P < 0.05) were noted. ISSR markers were better linked to morphological variation than were RAPD markers. However, despite this, genetic distances among these landraces were found to be essentially the same no matter which markers were used.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the Algerian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique) for its financial support. We thank the “Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Walloon Agricultural Research Centre of Gembloux” for valuable technical assistance and Dr Bernard China for his critical reading of the manuscript. N. Ghalmi thanks the “Institut Technique des Cultures Maraîchères” of Staouéli for its contribution to the morphological assay.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Crop Husbandry, National Agronomic Institute, Rue Hassen Badi, El Harrach, Algiers, Algeria

    Naima Ghalmi, Sidi-Mohamed Ounane & Leila Mekliche

  2. Tropical Crop Husbandry and Horticulture, Gembloux Agricultural University, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium

    Marie Malice & Jean-Pierre Baudoin

  3. Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, 234 Chaussée de Charleroi, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium

    Jean-Marie Jacquemin

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  1. Naima Ghalmi
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Correspondence to Naima Ghalmi.

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Ghalmi, N., Malice, M., Jacquemin, JM. et al. Morphological and molecular diversity within Algerian cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) landraces. Genet Resour Crop Evol 57, 371–386 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-009-9476-5

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