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Variation of DNA methylation and phenotypic traits following unilateral sexual polyploidization in Medicago

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Abstract

Sexual hybridization is an important generator of biodiversity and a powerful breeding tool. Hybridization can also overcome ploidy barriers when it involves 2n gametes, as in the case of unilateral sexual polyploidization (USP) that has been utilized in several crops, among which alfalfa. This research was aimed at gaining insights into the effects of USP on genome methylation and on phenotypic traits in alfalfa, an important forage species. The Methylation-Sensitive Amplified Polymorphism technique was used to estimate the cytosine methylation changes occurring in a tetraploid (2n = 4x = 32) USP progeny from crosses between a diploid Medicago sativa subsp. falcata genotype that produces 2n eggs and a cultivated tetraploid Medicago sativa subsp. sativa variety. De novo methylation or demethylation in the USP progeny were observed for 13% of the detected genomic sites, indicating that methylation changes can be relevant. USP plants showed larger surface area of the leaf epidermis cells than both parents, but this did not result in larger leaf size or higher plant biomass. They displayed significant higher ovule sterility than the tetraploid parent, but normal fertility was observed in crosses with unrelated male testers. We conclude that hybridization and sexual polyploidization resulted in novel variation in terms of remodeling of the methylation landscape as well as changes in phenotypic traits in alfalfa.

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Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge Gianni Barcaccia, University of Padova, Italy, for maintaining and providing the PG-F9 alfalfa genotype and some USP seeds. Francesco Ferranti, University of Perugia, Italy, kindly provided the equipment for leaf cell morphology measurements. We also thank Valentina Passeri for her help with chromosome counts and Maria Punzo for the technical support in MSAP analysis. This paper received the contribution number 249 by the Department of Soil, Plant, Environmental and Animal Production Sciences. This research was carried out in the frame of the PRIN project “Effects of the ploidy level on gene expression and genome structure in alfalfa and potato” funded by MiUR, prot. 2008AEAXRK, researcher in charge Fabio Veronesi.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil, Plant, Environmental and Animal Production Sciences (DiSSPAPA), University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy

    Riccardo Aversano & Domenico Carputo

  2. Department of Applied Biology, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy

    Stefano Capomaccio, Fabio Veronesi & Daniele Rosellini

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  1. Riccardo Aversano
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  2. Stefano Capomaccio
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  3. Domenico Carputo
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  5. Daniele Rosellini
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Correspondence to Daniele Rosellini.

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Aversano, R., Capomaccio, S., Carputo, D. et al. Variation of DNA methylation and phenotypic traits following unilateral sexual polyploidization in Medicago . Euphytica 186, 731–739 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-011-0571-2

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