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A review of source tracking techniques for fine sediment within a catchment

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Abstract

Excessive transport of fine sediment, and its associated pollutants, can cause detrimental impacts in aquatic environments. It is therefore important to perform accurate sediment source apportionment to identify hot spots of soil erosion. Various tracers have been adopted, often in combination, to identify sediment source type and its spatial origin; these include fallout radionuclides, geochemical tracers, mineral magnetic properties and bulk and compound-specific stable isotopes. In this review, the applicability of these techniques to particular settings and their advantages and limitations are reviewed. By synthesizing existing approaches, that make use of multiple tracers in combination with measured changes of channel geomorphological attributes, an integrated analysis of tracer profiles in deposited sediments in lakes and reservoirs can be made. Through a multi-scale approach for fine sediment tracking, temporal changes in soil erosion and sediment load can be reconstructed and the consequences of changing catchment practices evaluated. We recommend that long-term, as well as short-term, monitoring of riverine fine sediment and corresponding surface and subsurface sources at nested sites within a catchment are essential. Such monitoring will inform the development and validation of models for predicting dynamics of fine sediment transport as a function of hydro-climatic and geomorphological controls. We highlight that the need for monitoring is particularly important for hilly catchments with complex and changing land use. We recommend that research should be prioritized for sloping farmland-dominated catchments.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the GAIA Surface Soil Resource Inventory and Integration (SSORii) Project of MOE, Kangwon National University Research Grant (2013: C1009703-01-01), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (RONPAKU Program, ID No. CAS-11313), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21307152 and 41471268) and CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative Fellowship (No. 2016VEA040).

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  1. Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China

    Zhuo Guan & Xiang-Yu Tang

  2. School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science and Korea Biochar Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea

    Jae E. Yang & Yong Sik Ok

  3. Laboratory of Soil Physics and Soil Hydrology, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan

    Zhuo Guan & Taku Nishimura

  4. Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia

    Zhihong Xu

  5. School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK

    Brian J. Reid

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  1. Zhuo Guan
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Correspondence to Xiang-Yu Tang, Jae E. Yang or Taku Nishimura.

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Guan, Z., Tang, XY., Yang, J.E. et al. A review of source tracking techniques for fine sediment within a catchment. Environ Geochem Health 39, 1221–1243 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-017-9959-9

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