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Reconstruction of karyotype evolution in core Glires. I. The genome homology revealed by comparative chromosome painting

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Abstract

Glires represent a eutherian clade consisting of rodents and lagomorphs (hares, rabbits, and pikas). Chromosome evolution of Glires is known to have variable rates in different groups: from slowly evolving lagomorphs and squirrels to extremely rapidly evolving muroids. Previous interordinal homology maps between slowly evolving Glires were based on comparison with humans. Here, we used sets of chromosome-specific probes from Tamias sibiricus (Sciuridae), Castor fiber (Castoridae) and humans to study karyotypes of six ground squirrels (genera Marmota and Spermophilus) and one tree squirrel (genus Sciurus), mountain hare (genus Lepus), and rabbit (genus Oryctolagus). These data supplemented with GTG banding comparisons allowed us to build comparative chromosome maps. Our data showed the absence of previously found squirrel associations HSA 1/8 and 2/17 in the Eurasian ground squirrels—sousliks and woodchucks, and disruptions of squirrel HSA 10/13 and HSA 8/4/8/12/22 syntenies in the four Spermophilus species studied here. We found that the karyotypes of Sciuridae and Leporidae are highly conserved and close to the Rodentia ancestral karyotype, while Castoridae chromosomes underwent many more changes. We suggest that Lagomorpha and Sciuridae (in contrast to all other rodent families) should be considered as core Glires lineages, characterized by cytogenetically conserved karyotypes which contain chromosomal elements inherent to karyotype of common Glires ancestor. Our data allowed us to further refine the putative ancestral karyotypes of Rodentia. We also describe here the putative ancestral karyotypes of Glires and lagomorphs.

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Abbreviations

CBG technique:

C-banding by barium hydroxide using Giemsa

CFI:

Castor fiber

EGAK:

Euarchontoglires ancestral karyotype

EuAK:

Eutherian ancestral karyotype

FISH:

Fluorescence in situ hybridization

GAK:

Glires ancestral karyotype

GTG banding:

G-banding by trypsin using Giemsa

HSA:

Homo sapiens

LAK:

Lagomorpha ancestral karyotype

MBA:

Marmota baibacina

MKA:

Marmota kastschenkoi

RAK:

Rodentia ancestral karyotype

SAK:

Sciuridae ancestral karyotype

SER:

Spermophilus erythrogenys

SMA:

Spermophilus major

SSU:

Spermophilus suslicus

SVU:

Sciurus vulgaris

SUN:

Spermophilus undulatus

TSI:

Tamias sibiricus

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded in part by research grants from MCB and SB RAS Programs, Russian Fund for Basic Research 09-04-00851-a (A.S.G.) and 11-04-00673-• (S.A.R.), and Russian Federation President’s grant MK-2241.2009.4 (S.A.R).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia

    Violetta R. Beklemisheva, Svetlana A. Romanenko, Larisa S. Biltueva, Vladimir A. Trifonov, Nadezhda V. Vorobieva, Natalya A. Serdukova & Alexander S. Graphodatsky

  2. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia

    Nadezhda V. Rubtsova

  3. Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, RAS, Moscow, 117334, Russia

    Oleg V. Brandler

  4. Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 OES, UK

    Patricia C. M. O’Brien & Malcolm A. Ferguson-Smith

  5. Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK

    Fentang Yang

  6. Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Florence, Florence, 50122, Italy

    Roscoe Stanyon

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  1. Violetta R. Beklemisheva
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  2. Svetlana A. Romanenko
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  3. Larisa S. Biltueva
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  4. Vladimir A. Trifonov
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  5. Nadezhda V. Vorobieva
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  6. Natalya A. Serdukova
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  7. Nadezhda V. Rubtsova
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  8. Oleg V. Brandler
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  9. Patricia C. M. O’Brien
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  10. Fentang Yang
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  11. Roscoe Stanyon
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  12. Malcolm A. Ferguson-Smith
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  13. Alexander S. Graphodatsky
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Correspondence to Svetlana A. Romanenko.

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Beklemisheva, V.R., Romanenko, S.A., Biltueva, L.S. et al. Reconstruction of karyotype evolution in core Glires. I. The genome homology revealed by comparative chromosome painting. Chromosome Res 19, 549–565 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-011-9210-y

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