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Survey of repetitive sequences in Silene latifolia with respect to their distribution on sex chromosomes

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Abstract

We carried out a global survey of all major types of transposable elements in Silene latifolia, a model species with sex chromosomes that are in the early stages of their evolution. A shotgun genomic library was screened with genomic DNA to isolate and characterize the most abundant elements. We found that the most common types of elements were the subtelomeric tandem repeat X-43.1 and Gypsy retrotransposons, followed by Copia retrotransposons and LINE non-LTR elements. SINE elements and DNA transposons were less abundant. We also amplified transposable elements with degenerate primers and used them to screen the library. The localization of elements by FISH revealed that most of the Copia elements were accumulated on the Y chromosome. Surprisingly, one type of Gypsy element, which was similar to Ogre elements known from legumes, was almost absent on the Y chromosome but otherwise uniformly distributed on all chromosomes. Other types of elements were ubiquitous on all chromosomes. Moreover, we isolated and characterized two new tandem repeats. One of them, STAR-C, was localized at the centromeres of all chromosomes except the Y chromosome, where it was present on the p-arm. Its variant, STAR-Y, carrying a small deletion, was specifically localized on the q-arm of the Y chromosome. The second tandem repeat, TR1, co-localized with the 45S rDNA cluster in the subtelomeres of five pairs of autosomes. FISH analysis of other Silene species revealed that some elements (e.g., Ogre-like elements) are confined to the section Elisanthe while others (e.g. Copia or Athila-like elements) are present also in more distant species. Similarly, the centromeric satellite STAR-C was conserved in the genus Silene whereas the subtelomeric satellite X-43.1 was specific for Elisanthe section. Altogether, our data provide an overview of the repetitive sequences in Silene latifolia and revealed that genomic distribution and evolutionary dynamics differ among various repetitive elements. The unique pattern of repeat distribution is found on the Y chromosome, where some elements are accumulated while other elements are conspicuously absent, which probably reflects different forces shaping the Y chromosome.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics ASCR, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265, Brno, Czech Republic

    Tomas Cermak, Zdenek Kubat, Roman Hobza, Boris Vyskot & Eduard Kejnovsky

  2. Biology Centre ASCR, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Branisovska 31, CZ-37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic

    Andrea Koblizkova & Jiri Macas

  3. ETH Zurich, Institute of Integrative Biology, Plant Ecological Genetics, Universitaetstrasse 16, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland

    Alex Widmer

Authors
  1. Tomas Cermak
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  2. Zdenek Kubat
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  3. Roman Hobza
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  4. Andrea Koblizkova
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  5. Alex Widmer
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  6. Jiri Macas
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  7. Boris Vyskot
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  8. Eduard Kejnovsky
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Correspondence to Eduard Kejnovsky.

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Table S1

Clones used for FISH experiments. (DOC 27.5 kb)

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Cermak, T., Kubat, Z., Hobza, R. et al. Survey of repetitive sequences in Silene latifolia with respect to their distribution on sex chromosomes. Chromosome Res 16, 961–976 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-008-1254-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-008-1254-2

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