Abstract
The pursuit for sustainability in the papermaking industry calls for the elimination or reduction of synthetic additives and the exploration of renewable and biodegradable alternatives. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), due to their inherent morphological and biochemical properties, are an excellent alternative to synthetic additives. These properties enable CNFs to improve the mechanical, functional, and barrier properties of different types of paper. The nanosize diameter, micrometre length, semicrystalline structure, high strength, and modulus of CNFs have a direct influence on the mechanical properties of paper, such as tensile index, burst index, Scott index, breaking length, tear index, Z-strength, E-modulus, strain at break, and tensile stiffness. This review details the role played by CNFs as an additive to improve strength properties of paper and the factors affecting the improvement in paper quality when CNFs are added as additives. The paper also includes techno-economic aspects of the process and identifies areas that need further research.
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Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa Biorefinery Industry Development Facility for supporting this work as part of the literature review of a MSc project. The authors would like to thank the Department of Science and Innovation for financial support via the General Budget Support (GBS) programme.
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This review was supported by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Biorefinery Industry Development Facility, Durban, South Africa.
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Jele, T.B., Lekha, P. & Sithole, B. Role of cellulose nanofibrils in improving the strength properties of paper: a review. Cellulose 29, 55–81 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-04294-8
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Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-04294-8