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Structure and Genetic Diversity of Natural Populations of Morus alba in the Trans-Himalayan Ladakh Region

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Abstract

Sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers were used to assess the genetic structure in three natural populations of Morus alba from trans-Himalaya. Multilocation sampling was conducted across 14 collection sites. The overall genetic diversity estimates were high: percentage polymorphic loci 89.66%, Nei’s gene diversity 0.2286, and Shannon’s information index 0.2175. At a regional level, partitioning of variability assessed using analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), revealed 80% variation within and 20% among collection sites. Pattern appeared in STRUCTURE, BARRIER, and AMOVA, clearly demonstrating gene flow between the Indus and Suru populations and a geographic barrier between the Indus-Suru and Nubra populations, which effectively hinders gene flow. The results showed significant genetic differentiation, population structure, high to restricted gene flow, and high genetic diversity. The assumption that samples collected from the three valleys represent three different populations does not hold true. The fragmentation present in trans-Himalaya was more natural and less anthropogenic.

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Acknowledgments

P. K. Bajpai is thankful to the Defence Research and Development Organisation, New Delhi, for providing a Senior Research Fellowship and to the inhabitants of the surveyed areas for their cooperation during the field study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Defence Institute of High Altitude Research DRDO, Leh Ladakh, 194101, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Prabodh K. Bajpai, Ashish R. Warghat, Ashish Yadav, Ravi B. Srivastava & Tsering Stobdan

  2. Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Ram Kumar Sharma

  3. Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, Waknaghat, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Anil K. Thakur

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  1. Prabodh K. Bajpai
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Correspondence to Tsering Stobdan.

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Supplementary Fig. 1

Mantel test showing correlation between geographic distance (X-axis) and genetic distance (Y-axis) matrices. Mantel test Rxy = 0.409; P value = 0.02 (JPEG 32 kb)

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Bajpai, P.K., Warghat, A.R., Sharma, R.K. et al. Structure and Genetic Diversity of Natural Populations of Morus alba in the Trans-Himalayan Ladakh Region. Biochem Genet 52, 137–152 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-013-9634-5

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