Skip to main content
Log in

Managerial ties, absorptive capacity, and innovation

  • Published:
Asia Pacific Journal of Management Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Managerial ties—the boundary-spanning ties and interpersonal connections of top managers—contribute to a corporation’s innovativeness in emerging economies because of the absence of market supporting institutions, transparent laws, and clear regulations. Moreover, managerial ties are apt to interact with absorptive capacity to facilitate knowledge sharing and innovation. This paper examines the joint influence of managerial ties and absorptive capacity in two communities in China, one characterized by a high level of foreign direct investment (FDI) and the other consisting mainly of local corporations. We find that absorptive capacity moderates the effect of managerial ties on a corporation’s innovativeness. Furthermore, when examining the two communities separately, we find that business ties and university ties have opposite effects.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aghion, P., Griffith, R., & Howitt, P. 2006. Vertical integration and competition. American Economic Review, 96: 97–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. 1991. Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barney, J. B. 1991. Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17: 99–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Batjargal, B. 2003. Social capital and entrepreneurial performance in Russia: A longitudinal study. Organization Studies, 24: 535–556.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Becker, W., & Peters, J. 2000. Technological opportunities, absorptive capacities and innovation. Paper presented at the Eighth International Joseph A. Schumpeter Society Conference, Manchester, July, 2000.

  • Brislin, R. W., Lonner, W. J., & Thorndike, R. M. 1973. Cross-cultural research methods. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brookfield, J., & Liu, A. R. 2005. The internationalization of a production network and the replication dilemma: Building supplier networks in mainland China. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 22: 355–380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burt, R. 1983. Corporate profits and cooptation. New York: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burt, R. 1992. Structural holes: The social structure of competition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. 1959. Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait–multimethod matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 56: 81–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campisi, D., Mancuso, P., & Nastasi, A. 2001. R&D competition, absorptive capacity and market shares. Journal of Economics, 73: 57–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carney, M. 2005. Globalization and the renewal of Asian business networks. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 22: 337–354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cassiman, B., & Veugelers, R. 2002. R&D cooperation and spillovers: Some empirical evidence from Belgium. American Economic Review, 92: 1169–1184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. 1990. Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35: 128–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davies, H., & Ko, D. 2006. Up-grading and performance: the role of design, technology and business strategy in Hong Kong’s electronics industry. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 23: 255–282.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ettlie, J., & Rubenstein, A. 1987. Firm size and product innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 4: 89–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ford, D., Gadde, L. E., Håkansson, H., Lundgren, A., Snehota, I., Turbull, P., & Wilson, D. 1998. Managing business relationships. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaedeke, R. M., & Tootelian, D. H. 1976. The fortune 500 list—An endangered species for academic research. Journal of Business Research, 4: 283–288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gulati, R., & Westphal, P. 1999. Cooperative or controlling? The effects of CEO–board relations and the content of interlocks on the formation of joint ventures. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44: 473–506.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Håkansson, H. 1987. Industrial technological development: A network approach. London: Croom Helm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harman, H. H. 1967. Modern factor analysis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hildebrandt, L. 1987. Consumer retail satisfaction in rural areas: A reanalysis of survey data. Journal of Economic Psychology, 8: 19–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hislop, D. 2002. The client role in consultancy relations during the appropriation of technological innovations. Research Policy, 31: 657–671.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jaffe, A. B., Trajtenberg, M., & Henderson, R. 1993. Geographic localization of knowledge spillovers as evidenced by patent citations. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108: 577–598.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kazanjian, R. K., Drazin, R., & Glynn, M. A. 2001. Implementing strategies for corporate entrepreneurship: A knowledge-based perspective. In M. A. Hitt, R. D. Ireland, S. M. Camp & D. L. Sexton (eds.). Strategic entrepreneurship: Creating a new mindset: 173–200. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khanna, T., & Palepu, K. 1997. Why focused strategies may be wrong for emerging markets. Harvard Business Review, 75: 44–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, L. 1995. Absorptive capacity and industrial growth: A conceptual framework and Korea’s experience. In B. H. Koo & D. Perkins (ed.). Social capability and economic growth. London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, L. 1998. Crisis construction and organizational learning: Capability building in catching-up at Hyundai Motor. Organization Science, 9: 506–521.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kleinknecht, A., Jeroen, O., Reijnen, N., & Smits, W. 1993. Collecting literature-based innovation output indicators: The experience in the Netherlands. In A. Kleinknecht & D. Bain (ed.). New concepts in innovation output measurement: 42–84. New York: St. Martin’s.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kleinknecht, A., & Reijnen, J. 1992. Why do firms cooperate on R&D? An empirical study. Research Policy, 21: 347–360.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kogut, B., & Zander, U. 1996. What firms do? Coordination, identity and learning. Organization Science, 7: 502–510.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kraatz, M. S. 1998. Learning by association? Interoganizational networks and adaptation to environmental change. Academy of Management Journal, 41: 621–643.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lau, C. M., & Ngo, H. Y. 2001. Organization development and firm performance: A comparison of multinational and local firms. Journal of International Business Studies, 32: 95–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Le, N. T. B., Venkatesh, S., & Nguyen, T. V. 2006. Getting bank financing: A study of Vietnamese private firms. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 23: 209–227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, C., Lee, K., & Pennings, J. M. 2001. Internal capabilities, external networks, and performance: A study on technology-based ventures. Strategic Management Journal, 22: 615–640.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leenders, R. T. A., & Gabbay, S. M. 1999. An agenda for the future. In R. T. A. Leenders & S. M. Gabbay (ed.). Corporate social capital and liability: 483–494. New York: Kluwer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, J. J. 2005. The formation of managerial networks of foreign firms in China: The effects of strategic orientations. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 22: 423–444.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, Y., & Peng, M. W. 2008. Developing theory from strategic management research in China. Asia Pacific Journal of Management (in press, DOI 10.1007/s10490-007-9083-y).

  • Li, Y., Sun, Y., & Liu, Y. 2006. An empirical study of SOEs’ market orientation in transitional China. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 23: 93–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luo, Y. 2003. Industrial dynamics and managerial networking in an emerging market: The case of China. Strategic Management Journal, 24: 1315–1327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luo, Y. 2007. A coopetition perspective of global competition. Journal of World Business, 42: 129–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luo, Y., & Chen, M. 1997. Does guanxi influence firm performance? Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 14: 1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matusik, S. F., & Heeley, M. 2001. Absorptive capacity and firm knowledge: Separating the multiple components of the absorptive capacity construct. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management, Washington DC, 2001.

  • Meyer, K. E. 2004. Perspectives on multinational enterprises in emerging economies. Journal of International Business Studies, 35: 259–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mizruchi, M. 1996. What do interlocks do? An analysis, critique, and assessment of research on interlocking directorates. Annual Review of Sociology, 22: 271–298.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, D. A., Jennings, P. D., & Zhou, X. 1993. Late adoption of the multidivisional form by large U.S. corporations: Institutional, political, and economic accounts. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38: 100–131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park, S. H., & Luo, Y. 2001. Guanxi and organizational dynamics: Organizational networking in Chinese firms. Strategic Management Journal, 22: 455–477.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peng, M. W. 2000. Business strategies in transition economies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peng, M. W., & Heath, P. 1996. The growth of the firm in planned economies in transition: Institutions, organizations, and strategic choice. Academy of Management Review, 21: 492–528.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peng, M. W., & Luo, Y. 2000. Managerial ties and firm performance in a transition economy: The nature of a micro–macro link. Academy of Management Journal, 43: 486–501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peng, M. W., & Zhou, Q. 2005. How network strategies and institutional transitions evolve in Asia. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 22: 321–336.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pennings, J. M., & Lee, K. 1999. Social capital of organization: Conceptualization, level of analysis, and performance implications. In R. T. A. Leenders & S. M. Gabbay (ed.). Corporate social capital and liability: 43–67. New York: Kluwer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pennings, J. M., Lee, K., & van Witteloostuijn, A. 1998. Human capital, social capital, and firm dissolution. Academy of Management Journal, 41: 425–440.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Penrose, E. T. 1959. The theory of the growth of the firm. New York: ME Sharpe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfeffer, J., & Salancik, G. 1978. The external control of organizations: A resource dependence perspective. New York: Harper & Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ragatz, G. L., Handfield, R. B., & Petersen, K. J. 2002. Benefits associated with supplier integration into new product development under conditions of technology uncertainty. Journal of Business Research, 55: 389–400.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rocha, F. 1999. Inter-firm technological cooperation: Effects of absorptive capacity, firm-size and specialization. Economics of Innovation & New Technology, 8: 253–272.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santarelli, E., & Piergiovanni, R. 1996. Analyzing literature-based innovation output indicators: The Italian experience. Research Policy, 25: 689–711.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takeishi, A. 2001. Bridging inter- and intra-firm boundaries: Management of supplier involvement in automobile product development. Strategic Management Journal, 22: 403–433.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tang, F., & Xi, Y. 2006. Exploring dynamic multi-level linkages in inter-organizational networks. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 23: 187–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tomaskovic-Devey, D., Leiter, J., & Thompson, S. 1994. Organizational survey nonresponse. Administrative Science Quarterly, 39: 439–457.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai, W. 2001. Knowledge transfer in intraorganizational networks: Effects of network position and absorptive capacity on business unit innovation and performance. Academy of Management Journal, 44: 996–1004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsang, E. W. K. 1998. Can guanxi be a source of sustained competitive advantage for doing business in China? Academy of Management Executive, 12: 64–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uzzi, B. 1996. The sources and consequences of embeddedness for the economic performance of organizations: The network effect. American Sociological Review, 61: 674–698.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Veugelers, R. 1997. Internal R&D expenditures and external technology sourcing. Research Policy, 26: 303–315.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wei, Y., & Liu, X. 2006. Productivity spillovers from R&D, exports and FDI in China’s manufacturing sector. Journal of International Business Studies, 37: 544–557.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wernerfelt, B. 1984. A resource-based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 5: 171–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Westhead, P., & Storey, D. J. 1994. An assessment of firms located on and off science parks in the United Kingdom. London: HMSO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westphal, J., Gulati, R., & Shortell, S. 1997. Customization or conformity? An institutional and network perspective on the content and consequences of TQM adoption. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42: 366–394.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, W., & Leung, A. 2005. Does a micro–macro link exist between managerial value of reciprocity, social capital and firm performance? The case of SMEs in China. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 22: 445–463.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xin, K. R., & Pearce, J. L. 1996. Guanxi: Connections as substitutes for formal institutional support. Academy of Management Journal, 39: 1641–1658.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, Q., & Jiang, C. X. 2007. Location advantages and subsidiaries’ R&D activities in emerging economies: Exploring the effect of employee mobility. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 24: 341–358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young, M. N., Peng, M. W., Ahlstrom, D., Bruton, G. D., & Jiang, Y. 2008. Corporate governance in emerging economies: A review of the principal–principal perspective. Journal of Management Studies, 45: 196–220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zahra, S. A., & George, G. 2002. Absorptive capacity: A review, reconceptualization, and extension. Academy of Management Review, 27: 185–203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, S. J., & Li, X.C. 2008. Managerial ties, firm resources, and performance of cluster firms. Asia Pacific Journal of Management (in press).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kai Xu.

Additional information

Supported by Program for National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 70372050 and Program for Chinese New Century Excellent Talents in University No. NCET-05-0847. We would like to thank George F. Farris, Shige Makino and Darrell Levack for their very helpful comments and suggestions on drafts. We thank the editors (Mike W. Peng, Yuan Lu and Eric Tsang), two APJM reviewers, and all conference and seminar participants for helpful comments and discussions.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Gao, S., Xu, K. & Yang, J. Managerial ties, absorptive capacity, and innovation. Asia Pac J Manage 25, 395–412 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-008-9096-1

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-008-9096-1

Keywords

Navigation