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New insights into Lithocodium aggregatum Elliott 1956 and Bacinella irregularis Radoičić 1959 (Late Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous): two ulvophycean green algae (?Order Ulotrichales) with a heteromorphic life cycle (epilithic/euendolithic)

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An Erratum to this article was published on 11 May 2010

Abstract

The Late Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous microorganisms incertae sedis Lithocodium aggregatum Elliott and Bacinella irregularis Radoičić are taxonomically studied based on material from the Lower Aptian of the western Maestrat Basin (Spain). This study is supplemented with detailed photographs from Elliot’s type-material. Given that the original description of Lithocodium aggregatum is ambiguous, a detail from the holotype is chosen as an epitype to serve as an interpretative type (article 9.7 ICBN). Lithocodium is re-interpreted as a filamentous-septate heterotrichale ulvophycean alga (?order Ulotrichales) exhibiting a heteromorphic life cycle consisting of two phases: an epilithic gametophytic and a euendolithic sporophytic (Gomontia stage). Bacinella irregularis is interpreted and redescribed as a purely euendolithic ulvophycean alga which bores into either Lithocodium aggregatum or the substrate below Lithocodium crusts. A small microendolith boring into Lithocodium crusts capable of cryptobiotically stretching within its filamentous network is tentatively assigned to the siphonal chlorophyte Ostreobium Bornet and Flahault. Another associated microfilamentous boring chlorophyte with characteristic long thin hairs (setae) is described as Phaeophila? sp. The euendolithic community comprises a variety of micro- and macroborings that affect the thalli of Lithocodium. Finally, the filaments of the outer zone of the Lithocodium crust are infested by calcimicrobes (cyanobacteria, ?fungi). The description made by Elliott in his original work of the “inner layer” of Lithocodium aggregatum as “confused” is explained here as a complex multitaxon chlorophyte-calcimicrobial assemblage overprinted by multiple bioerosion ichnofabrics.

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Acknowledgments

The Natural History Museum in London is especially thanked for preparing new photographs of the type-material of Lithocodium aggregatum Elliott. Boguslaw Kolodziej (Kraków), Ioan Bucur and Emanoil Săsăran (both Cluj-Napoca), Martin Nose (Munich), Rajka Radoičić (Belgrade), and Stefan Götz (Heidelberg) kindly provided figures from Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous material. The present work benefitted from discussions with Marc Conrad (Perly) and Rolf Schroeder (Frankfurt a. Main). We also thank Josep A. Moreno-Bedmar (Barcelona) for his help in sampling. Funding for this study came from the project Bi 1074/1-2 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, the I + D + i research projects: CGL2005-07445-CO3-01 and CGL2008-04916, the Consolider-Ingenio 2010 programme, under CSD 2006-0004 “Topo-Iberia” and the Grup Consolidat de Recerca “Geologia Sedimentària” (2009SGR-1451). Review comments by Ioan Bucur (Cluj-Napoca) and anonymous reviewers are kindly acknowledged.

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  1. Lerchenauerstr. 167, 80935, Munich, Germany

    Felix Schlagintweit

  2. Abteilung Geologie, Fakultät für Biologie, Chemie und Geowissenschaften, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany

    Telm Bover-Arnal

  3. Departament de Geoquímica, Petrologia i Prospecció Geològica, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franqués s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain

    Ramon Salas

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Correspondence to Felix Schlagintweit.

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An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10347-010-0223-3

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Schlagintweit, F., Bover-Arnal, T. & Salas, R. New insights into Lithocodium aggregatum Elliott 1956 and Bacinella irregularis Radoičić 1959 (Late Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous): two ulvophycean green algae (?Order Ulotrichales) with a heteromorphic life cycle (epilithic/euendolithic). Facies 56, 509–547 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10347-010-0222-4

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