Abstract
Heavy metals and dyes are major pollutants that pose potential threat to the health of humans and ecosystems. Various technologies are available to remediate such pollution, but these processes are costly, have high energy requirements and generate toxic sludges and wastes that need to be carefully disposed. There is therefore a need for methods that are more efficient, cost effective and environment friendly for water purification. Adsorption is regarded as a green, clean and versatile method for wastewater treatment. In particular, biodegradable and non-toxic materials such as cellulose-based materials are of interest for water purification. Moreover, the surface of cellulose contains many hydroxyl groups that facilitate the incorporation of chemical moieties, thereby improving pollutant adsorption. Here, we review the most relevant applications of cellulose-based materials for wastewater treatment. A major point is that reducing cellulosic dimension to nanometric levels highly improves adsorption of heavy metals and dyes from wastewaters. Nanocellulose and functionalized nanocellulose are thus promising for wastewater treatment.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdel-Raouf MS, Abdul-Raheim ARM (2017) Removal of heavy metals from industrial waste water by biomass-based materials: a review. J Pollut Eff Control 5:180. https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4397.1000180
Abdolali A, Guo WS, Ngo HH et al (2014) Typical lignocellulosic wastes and by-products for biosorption process in water and wastewater treatment: a critical review. Bioresour Technol 160:57–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.037
Aderhold D, Williams CJ, Edyvean RGJ (1996) The removal of heavy-metal ions by seaweeds and their derivatives. Bioresour Technol 58:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(96)00072-7
Akkaya G, Uzun İ, Güzel F (2007) Kinetics of the adsorption of reactive dyes by chitin. Dye Pigment 73:168–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2005.11.005
Alencar WS, Acayanka E, Lima EC et al (2012) Application of Mangifera indica (mango) seeds as a biosorbent for removal of Victazol Orange 3R dye from aqueous solution and study of the biosorption mechanism. Chem Eng J 209:577–588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.08.053
Ali I, Gupta VK (2006) Advances in water treatment by adsorption technology. Nat Protoc 1:2661–2667. https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.370
Allen SJ, Mckay G, Porter JF (2004) Adsorption isotherm models for basic dye adsorption by peat in single and binary component systems. J Colloid Interface Sci 280:322–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2004.08.078
Alomá I, Martín-Lara MA, Rodríguez IL et al (2012) Removal of nickel (II) ions from aqueous solutions by biosorption on sugarcane bagasse. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 43:275–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2011.10.011
Anirudhan TS, Nima J, Divya PL (2013) Adsorption of chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions by glycidylmethacrylate-grafted-densified cellulose with quaternary ammonium groups. Appl Surf Sci 279:441–449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.04.134
Asgher M, Bhatti HN (2012) Removal of reactive blue 19 and reactive blue 49 textile dyes by citrus waste biomass from aqueous solution: equilibrium and kinetic study. Can J Chem Eng 90:412–419. https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.20531
Aziz A, Ouali MS, Elandaloussi EH et al (2009) Chemically modified olive stone: a low-cost sorbent for heavy metals and basic dyes removal from aqueous solutions. J Hazard Mater 163:441–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.06.117
Bao-Xiu Z, Peng W, Tong Z et al (2006) Preparation and adsorption performance of a cellulosic-adsorbent resin for copper (II). J Appl Polym Sci 99:2951–2956. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.22986
Barakat MA (2011) New trends in removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater. Arab J Chem 4:361–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.07.019
Barka N, Ouzaouit K, Abdennouri M, El Makhfouk M (2013) Dried prickly pear cactus (Opuntia ficus indica) cladodes as a low-cost and eco-friendly biosorbent for dyes removal from aqueous solutions. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 44:52–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2012.09.007
Basu M, Guha AK, Ray L (2017) Adsorption of lead on cucumber peel. J Clean Prod 151:603–615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.03.028
Batmaz R, Mohammed N, Zaman M et al (2014) Cellulose nanocrystals as promising adsorbents for the removal of cationic dyes. Cellulose 21:1655–1665. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-014-0168-8
Bediako JK, Wei W, Yun YS (2016) Low-cost renewable adsorbent developed from waste textile fabric and its application to heavy metal adsorption. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 63:250–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2016.03.009
Ben-Ali S, Jaouali I, Souissi-Najar S, Ouederni A (2017) Characterization and adsorption capacity of raw pomegranate peel biosorbent for copper removal. J Clean Prod 142:3809–3821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.10.081
Bhatnagar A, Sillanpää M (2010) Utilization of agro-industrial and municipal waste materials as potential adsorbents for water treatment-A review. Chem Eng J 157:277–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2010.01.007
Chang M-Y, Juang R-S (2004) Adsorption of tannic acid, humic acid, and dyes from water using the composite of chitosan and activated clay. J Colloid Interface Sci 278:18–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2004.05.029
Chong HLH, Chia PS, Ahmad MN (2013) The adsorption of heavy metal by Bornean oil palm shell and its potential application as constructed wetland media. Bioresour Technol 130:181–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.136
Dhir B, Kumar R (2010) Adsorption of heavy metals by Salvinia biomass and agricultural residues. Int J Environ Res 4:427–432. https://doi.org/10.22059/ijer.2010.61
El Haddad M, Mamouni R, Saffaj N, Lazar S (2016) Evaluation of performance of animal bone meal as a new low cost adsorbent for the removal of a cationic dye Rhodamine B from aqueous solutions. J Saudi Chem Soc 20:S53–S59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2012.08.005
El-Mekkawi D, Galal HR (2013) Removal of a synthetic dye “Direct Fast Blue B2RL” via adsorption and photocatalytic degradation using low cost rutile and Degussa P25 titanium dioxide. J Hydro Environ Res 7:219–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jher.2013.02.003
Faust SD, Aly OM (1981) Chemistry of natural waters, an ann arbor sci book. Butterworths, Boston, p 400
Ferrero F (2007) Dye removal by low cost adsorbents: hazelnut shells in comparison with wood sawdust. J Hazard Mater 142:144–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.07.072
Geay M, Marchetti V, Clément A et al (2000) Decontamination of synthetic solutions containing heavy metals using chemically modified sawdusts bearing polyacrylic acid chains. J Wood Sci 46:331–333. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00766226
Güçlü G, Gürdağ G, Özgümüş S (2003) Competitive removal of heavy metal ions by cellulose graft copolymers. J Appl Polym Sci 90:2034–2039. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.12728
Guiza S (2017) Biosorption of heavy metal from aqueous solution using cellulosic waste orange peel. Ecol Eng 99:134–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.11.043
Gurgel LVA, de Melo JCP, de Lena JC, Gil LF (2009) Adsorption of chromium (VI) ion from aqueous solution by succinylated mercerized cellulose functionalized with quaternary ammonium groups. Bioresour Technol 100:3214–3220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.01.068
Hajeeth T, Vijayalakshmi K, Gomathi T, Sudha PN (2013) Removal of Cu (II) and Ni (II) using cellulose extracted from sisal fiber and cellulose-g-acrylic acid copolymer. Int J Biol Macromol 62:59–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.08.029
Hameed BH (2009a) Evaluation of papaya seeds as a novel non-conventional low-cost adsorbent for removal of methylene blue. J Hazard Mater 162:939–944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.05.120
Hameed BH (2009b) Grass waste: a novel sorbent for the removal of basic dye from aqueous solution. J Hazard Mater 166:233–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.11.019
Hameed BH (2009c) Removal of cationic dye from aqueous solution using jackfruit peel as non-conventional low-cost adsorbent. J Hazard Mater 162(1):344–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.05.045
Hameed BH (2009d) Spent tea leaves: a new non-conventional and low-cost adsorbent for removal of basic dye from aqueous solutions. J Hazard Mater 161:753–759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.019
Hameed BH, Ahmad AA (2009) Batch adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution by garlic peel, an agricultural waste biomass. J Hazard Mater 164(2-3):870–875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.08.084
He X, Male KB, Nesterenko PN et al (2013) Adsorption and desorption of methylene blue on porous carbon monoliths and nanocrystalline cellulose. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5:8796–8804. https://doi.org/10.1021/am403222u
Hokkanen S, Repo E, Suopajärvi T et al (2014) Adsorption of Ni(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solutions by amino modified nanostructured microfibrillated cellulose. Cellulose 21:1471–1487. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-014-0240-4
Hokkanen S, Bhatnagar A, Sillanpää M (2016) A review on modification methods to cellulose-based adsorbents to improve adsorption capacity. Water Res 91:156–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.01.008
Hossain MA, Ngo HH, Guo WS et al (2014) Performance of cabbage and cauliflower wastes for heavy metals removal. Desalin Water Treat 52:844–860. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2013.826322
Hu D, Wang P, Li J, Wang L (2014) Functionalization of microcrystalline cellulose with n, n-dimethyldodecylamine for the removal of congo red dye from an aqueous solution. BioResources 9:5951–5962
Isa MH, Lang LS, Asaari FAH et al (2007) Low cost removal of disperse dyes from aqueous solution using palm ash. Dye Pigment 74:446–453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2006.02.025
Jalali M, Aboulghazi F (2013) Sunflower stalk, an agricultural waste, as an adsorbent for the removal of lead and cadmium from aqueous solutions. J Mater Cycles Waste Manag 15:548–555. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-012-0096-3
Jiang R, Tian J, Zheng H, Qi J, Sun S, Li X (2015) A novel magnetic adsorbent based on waste litchi peels for removing Pb(II) from aqueous solution. J Environ Manag 155:24–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.03.009
Jin L, Li W, Xu Q, Sun Q (2015a) Amino-functionalized nanocrystalline cellulose as an adsorbent for anionic dyes. Cellulose 22:2443–2456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-015-0649-4
Jin L, Sun Q, Xu Q, Xu Y (2015b) Adsorptive removal of anionic dyes from aqueous solutions using microgel based on nanocellulose and polyvinylamine. Bioresour Technol 197:348–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.093
Johari K, Saman N, Song ST, Chin CS, Kong H, Mat H (2016) Adsorption enhancement of elemental mercury by various surface modified coconut husk as eco-friendly low-cost adsorbents. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 109:45–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.01.004
Ku Y, Jung I-L (2001) Photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) in aqueous solutions by UV irradiation with the presence of titanium dioxide. Water Res 35:135–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00098-1
Kumar GV, Ramalingam P, Kim MJ et al (2010) Removal of acid dye (violet 54) and adsorption kinetics model of using musa spp. waste: a low-cost natural sorbent material. Korean J Chem Eng 27:1469–1475. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-010-0226-3
Kyzas GZ, Kostoglou M (2014) Green adsorbents for wastewaters: a critical review. Materials (Basel) 7:333–364. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma7010333
Lam E, Male KB, Chong JH et al (2012) Applications of functionalized and nanoparticle-modified nanocrystalline cellulose. Trends Biotechnol 30:283–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2012.02.001
Liu M, Zhang H, Zhang X et al (2001) Removal and recovery of chromium (III) from aqueous solutions by a spheroidal cellulose adsorbent. Water Environ Res 73:322–328. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143001X139344
Liu P, Sehaqui H, Tingaut P et al (2014) Cellulose and chitin nanomaterials for capturing silver ions (Ag+) from water via surface adsorption. Cellulose 21(449–46):1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-013-0139-5
Liu P, Borrell PF, Božič M et al (2015) Nanocelluloses and their phosphorylated derivatives for selective adsorption of Ag+, Cu2+ and Fe3+ from industrial effluents. J Hazard Mater 294:177–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.04.001
Low KS, Lee CK, Mak SM (2004) Sorption of copper and lead by citric acid modified wood. Wood Sci Technol 38:629–640. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-003-0201-9
Ma H, Hsiao BS, Chu B (2011) Ultrafine cellulose nanofibers as efficient adsorbents for removal of UO2 2+ in water. ACS Macro Lett 1:213–216. https://doi.org/10.1021/mz200047q
Mahfoudhi N, Boufi S (2017) Nanocellulose as a novel nanostructured adsorbent for environmental remediation: a review. Cellulose 24:10.1007/s10570-017-1194
Mallampati R, Tan KS, Valiyaveettil S (2015) Utilization of corn fibers and luffa peels for extraction of pollutants from water. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 103:8–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2015.03.027
Maranon E, Suárez F, Alonso F et al (1999) Preliminary study of iron removal from hydrochloric pickling liquor by ion exchange. Ind Eng Chem Res 38:2782–2786. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie9806895
Mautner A, Maples HA, Kobkeatthawin T et al (2016) Phosphorylated nanocellulose papers for copper adsorption from aqueous solutions. Int J Environ Sci Technol 13:1861–1872. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-016-1026-z
McMullan G, Meehan C, Conneely A et al (2001) Microbial decolourisation and degradation of textile dyes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 56:81–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002530000587
Melo JCP, Silva Filho EC, Santana SAA, Airoldi C (2011) Synthesized cellulose/succinic anhydride as an ion exchanger. Calorimetry of divalent cations in aqueous suspension. Thermochim Acta 524:29–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2011.06.007
Memon SQ, Memon N, Shah SW et al (2007) Sawdust—a green and economical sorbent for the removal of cadmium (II) ions. J Hazard Mater 139:116–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.06.013
Meshko V, Markovska L, Mincheva M, Rodrigues AE (2001) Adsorption of basic dyes on granular acivated carbon and natural zeolite. Water Res 35:3357–3366. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00056-2
Min SH, Han JS, Shin EW, Park JK (2004) Improvement of cadmium ion removal by base treatment of juniper fiber. Water Res 38:1289–1295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2003.11.016
Mondal DK, Nandi BK, Purkait MK (2013) Removal of mercury (II) from aqueous solution using bamboo leaf powder: equilibrium, thermodynamic and kinetic studies. J Environ Chem Eng 1:891–898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2013.07.034
Naeimi A, Amini M (2018) Biosorption of cadmium using a novel, renewable and recoverable modified natural cellulose bearing chelating Schiff base ligand based on 2-hydroxy-5-methyl benzaldehyde. Iran Polym J. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-018-0623-8
O’Connell DW, Birkinshaw C, O’Dwyer TF (2008) Heavy metal adsorbents prepared from the modification of cellulose: a review. Bioresour Technol 99:6709–6724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.01.036
Pei A, Butchosa N, Berglund LA, Zhou Q (2013) Surface quaternized cellulose nanofibrils with high water absorbency and adsorption capacity for anionic dyes. Soft Matter 9:2047–2055. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2sm27344f
Pillai SS, Deepa B, Abraham E et al (2013) Biosorption of Cd (II) from aqueous solution using xanthated nano banana cellulose: equilibrium and kinetic studies. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 98:352–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.09.003
Qiao H, Zhou Y, Yu F et al (2015) Effective removal of cationic dyes using carboxylate-functionalized cellulose nanocrystals. Chemosphere 141:297–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.07.078
Qin JJ, Wai MN, Oo M, Wong FS (2002) A feasibility study on the treatment and recycling of a wastewater from metal plating. J Membr Sci 208(1–2):213–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-7388(02)00263-6.
Rai HS, Bhattacharyya MS, Singh J et al (2005) Removal of dyes from the effluent of textile and dyestuff manufacturing industry: a review of emerging techniques with reference to biological treatment. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 35:219–238. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643380590917932
Rosales E, Meijide J, Tavares T, Pazos M, Sanromán MA (2016) Grapefruit peelings as a promising biosorbent for the removal of leather dyes and hexavalent chromium. Process Saf Environ Prot 101:61–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2016.03.006
Roy A, Chakraborty S, Kundu SP et al (2013) Lignocellulosic jute fiber as a bioadsorbent for the removal of azo dye from its aqueous solution: batch and column studies. J Appl Polym Sci 129:15–27. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie400236s
Safa Y, Bhatti HN, Bhatti IA, Asgher M (2011) Removal of direct Red-31 and direct Orange-26 by low cost rice husk: influence of immobilisation and pretreatments. Can J Chem Eng 89:1554–1565. https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.20473
Saha R, Mukherjee K, Saha I et al (2013) Removal of hexavalent chromium from water by adsorption on mosambi (Citrus limetta) peel. Res Chem Intermed 39:2245–2257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-012-0754-z
Saliba R, Gauthier H, Gauthier R (2005) Adsorption of heavy metal ions on virgin and chemically-modified lignocellulosic materials. Adsorpt Sci Technol 23:313–322. https://doi.org/10.1260/0263617054770039
Saravanan R, Ravikumar L (2015) The use of new chemically modified cellulose for heavy metal ion adsorption and antimicrobial activities. J Water Resour Prot 7:530. https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2015.76042
Saravanan R, Ravikumar L (2016) Cellulose bearing Schiff base and carboxylic acid chelating groups: a low cost and green adsorbent for heavy metal ion removal from aqueous solution. Water Sci Technol 74:1780–1792. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.296
Šćiban M, Klašnja M, Škrbić B (2006) Modified softwood sawdust as adsorbent of heavy metal ions from water. J Hazard Mater 136:266–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.12.009
Shakoor S, Nasar A (2016) Removal of methylene blue dye from artificially contaminated water using citrus limetta peel waste as a very low cost adsorbent. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 66:154–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2016.06.009
Sharma PR, Chattopadhyay A, Sharma SK, Geng L, Amiralian N, Martin D, Hsiao BS (2018a) Nanocellulose from spinifex as an effective adsorbent to remove cadmium (II) from water. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 6(3):3279–3290. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b03473
Sharma PR, Chattopadhyay A, Zhan C, Sharma SK, Geng L, Hsiao BS (2018b) Lead removal from water using carboxycellulose nanofibers prepared by nitro-oxidation method. Cellulose 25(3):1961–1973. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-1659-9
Sheikhi A, Safari S, Yang H, van de Ven TGM (2015) Copper removal using electrosterically stabilized nanocrystalline cellulose. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7:11301–11308. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b01619
Shen W, Chen S, Shi S et al (2009) Adsorption of Cu (II) and Pb(II) onto diethylenetriamine-bacterial cellulose. Carbohydr Polym 75:110–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.07.006
Silva Filho EC, Júnior S, Sousa L et al (2013) Surface cellulose modification with 2-aminomethylpyridine for copper, cobalt, nickel and zinc removal from aqueous solution. Mater Res 16:79–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.11.118
Sirviö JA, Hasa T, Leiviskä T et al (2016) Bisphosphonate nanocellulose in the removal of vanadium (V) from water. Cellulose 23:689–697. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-015-0819-4
Sobhanardakani S, Parvizimosaed H, Olyaie E (2013) Heavy metals removal from wastewaters using organic solid waste—rice husk. Environ Sci Pollut Res 20:5265–5271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1516-1
Sonune A, Ghate R (2004) Developments in wastewater treatment methods. Desalination 167:55–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2004.06.113
Sud D, Mahajan G, Kaur MP (2008) Agricultural waste material as potential adsorbent for sequestering heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions–A review. Bioresour Technol 99:6017–6027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.11.064
Sun C, Ni J, Zhao C et al (2017) Preparation of a cellulosic adsorbent by functionalization with pyridone diacid for removal of Pb(II) and Co (II) from aqueous solutions. Cellulose 24:5615–5624. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-017-1519-z
Tahir SS, Rauf N (2006) Removal of a cationic dye from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto bentonite clay. Chemosphere 63:1842–1848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.10.033
Tan KB, Abdullah AZ, Horri BA, Salamatinia B (2016) Adsorption mechanism of microcrystalline cellulose as green adsorbent for the removal of cationic methylene blue dye. J Chem Soc Pak 38:651–664
Varghese AG, Paul SA, Latha MS (2018) cellulose based green adsorbents for pollutant removal from wastewater. In: Green adsorbents for pollutant removal. Springer, pp 127–157. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92162-4_4
Velazquez-Jimenez LH, Pavlick A, Rangel-Mendez JR (2013) Chemical characterization of raw and treated agave bagasse and its potential as adsorbent of metal cations from water. Ind Crops Prod 43:200–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.06.049
Yu X, Tong S, Ge M et al (2013) Adsorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution by carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals. J Environ Sci 25:933–943. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(12)60145-4
Yu H-Y, Zhang D-Z, Lu F-F, Yao J (2016) New approach for single-step extraction of carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals for their use as adsorbents and flocculants. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 4:2632–2643. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b00126
Zhang N, Zang G-L, Shi C et al (2016) A novel adsorbent TEMPO-mediated oxidized cellulose nanofibrils modified with PEI: preparation, characterization, and application for Cu (II) removal. J Hazard Mater 316:11–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.018
Zheng L, Dang Z, Yi X, Zhang H (2010) Equilibrium and kinetic studies of adsorption of Cd (II) from aqueous solution using modified corn stalk. J Hazard Mater 176:650–656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.11.081
Zhou Y, Zhang M, Hu X et al (2013) Adsorption of cationic dyes on a cellulose-based multicarboxyl adsorbent. J Chem Eng Data 58:413–421. https://doi.org/10.1021/je301140c
Zhu W, Liu L, Liao Q et al (2016) Functionalization of cellulose with hyperbranched polyethylenimine for selective dye adsorption and separation. Cellulose 23:3785–3797. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-016-1045-4
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Varghese, A.G., Paul, S.A. & Latha, M.S. Remediation of heavy metals and dyes from wastewater using cellulose-based adsorbents. Environ Chem Lett 17, 867–877 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-018-00843-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-018-00843-z