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Histological and Expression Differences Among Different Mantle Regions of the Yesso Scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) Provide Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of Biomineralization and Pigmentation

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Abstract

The molecular mechanisms of shell formation and pigmentation are issues of great interest in molluscan studies due to the unique physical and biological properties of shells. The Yesso scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis, is one of the most important maricultural bivalves in Asian countries, and its shell color shows polymorphism. To gain more information about the underlying mechanisms of shell formation and pigmentation, this study presents the first analyses of histological and transcriptional differences between different mantle regions of the Yesso scallop, which are thought to be responsible for the formation of different shell layers. The results showed major microstructural differences between the edge and central mantles, which were closely associated with their functions. Different biomineralization-related GO functions, which might participate in the formation of different shell layers, were significantly enriched in the different mantle regions, indicating the different molecular functions of the two mantle regions in shell formation. The melanogenesis pathway, which controls melanin biosynthesis, was the most significantly enriched pathway in the DEGs between the two mantle regions, indicating its important role in shell pigmentation. Tyr, the key and rate-limiting gene in melanogenesis, was expressed at a remarkably high level in the central mantle, while the upstream regulatory genes included in melanogenesis were mainly upregulated in the edge mantle, suggesting the different molecular functions of the two mantle regions in shell pigmentation.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dalian Zhangzidao Fishery Group Co., Ltd. (Dalian, China) for providing the scallop materials.

Funding

This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31702342), the Major Science and Technology Research Project of Liaoning Province (2017203003), and the Doctoral Startup Foundation of Liaoning Province (20170520095).

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  1. Junxia Mao and Wenjing Zhang contributed equally to this work.

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  1. Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China

    Junxia Mao, Wenjing Zhang, Xubo Wang, Jian Song, Donghong Yin, Ying Tian, Zhenlin Hao, Bing Han & Yaqing Chang

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  1. Junxia Mao
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Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JM and YC. Prepared the samples: XW, JS, and DY. Performed the experiments: JM, WZ, and YT. Analyzed the data: JM, WZ, ZH, and BH. Wrote the paper: JM and YC.

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Correspondence to Yaqing Chang.

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Mao, J., Zhang, W., Wang, X. et al. Histological and Expression Differences Among Different Mantle Regions of the Yesso Scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) Provide Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of Biomineralization and Pigmentation. Mar Biotechnol 21, 683–696 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-019-09913-x

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