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Dynamics of DNA Methylation and DNMT Expression During Gametogenesis and Early Development of Scallop Patinopecten yessoensis

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Abstract

DNA methylation reprograms during gametogenesis and embryo development, which is essential for germ cell specification and genomic imprinting in mammals. Corresponding process remains poorly investigated in molluscs. Here, we examined global DNA methylation level in the gonads of scallop Patinopecten yessoensis during gametogenesis and in embryos/larvae at different stages. DNA methylation level fluctuates during gametogenesis and early development, peaking at proliferative stage of ovary, growing stage of testis, and in blastulae. To understand the mechanisms underlying these changes, we conducted genome-wide characterization of DNMT family and investigated their expression profiles based on transcriptomes and in situ hybridization. Three genes were identified, namely PyDNMT1, PyDNMT2, and PyDNMT3. Expression of PyDnmt3 agrees with DNA methylation level during oogenesis and early development, suggesting PyDNMT3 may participate in de novo DNA methylation that occurs mainly at proliferative stage of ovary and testis, and in blastulae and gastrulae. PyDnmt1 expression is positively correlated with DNA methylation level during spermatogenesis, and is higher at maturation stage of ovary and in 2–8 cell embryos than other stages, implying possible involvement of PyDNMT1 in DNA methylation maintenance during meiosis and embryonic development. This study will facilitate better understanding of the developmental epigenetic reprogramming in bivalve molluscs.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) (2018SDKJ0302-1), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31871499 and 31572600), Major basic research projects of Shandong Natural Science Foundation (ZR2018ZA0748) and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (201762001).

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  1. Yangping Li and Lingling Zhang contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China

    Yangping Li, Lingling Zhang, Yajuan Li, Wanru Li, Zhenyi Guo, Ruojiao Li, Xiaoli Hu, Zhenmin Bao & Shi Wang

  2. Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China

    Lingling Zhang, Xiaoli Hu & Zhenmin Bao

  3. Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China

    Shi Wang

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  1. Yangping Li
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Fig. S1

Alignment of the DNA methylase (DM) domains of DNMT1 (A), DNMT2 (B) and DNMT3 (C) from different organisms. (PDF 2405 kb)

Fig. S2

Minisatellite and the predicted protein sequences in the DM domain of PyDnmt2. (PNG 88 kb)

High resolution image (TIF 46 kb)

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Li, Y., Zhang, L., Li, Y. et al. Dynamics of DNA Methylation and DNMT Expression During Gametogenesis and Early Development of Scallop Patinopecten yessoensis. Mar Biotechnol 21, 196–205 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-018-09871-w

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