Abstract
Terrestrial hot springs near neutral pH harbor extremely thermophilic bacteria from the genus Caldicellulosiruptor, which utilize the carbohydrates of lignocellulose for growth. These bacteria are technologically important because they produce novel, multi-domain glycoside hydrolases that are prolific at deconstructing microcrystalline cellulose and hemicelluloses found in plant biomass. Among other interesting features, Caldicellulosiruptor species have successfully adapted to bind specifically to lignocellulosic substrates via surface layer homology (SLH) domains associated with glycoside hydrolases and unique binding proteins (tāpirins) present only in these bacteria. They also utilize a parallel pathway for conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into 3-phosphoglycerate via a ferredoxin-dependent oxidoreductase that is conserved across the genus. Advances in the genetic tools for Caldicellulosiruptor bescii, including the development of a high-temperature kanamycin-resistance marker and xylose-inducible promoter, have opened the door for metabolic engineering applications and some progress along these lines has been reported. While several species of Caldicellulosiruptor can readily deconstruct lignocellulose, improvements in the amount of carbohydrate released and in the production of bio-based chemicals are required to successfully realize the biotechnological potential of these organisms.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy BER Award DE-SC0019391 and the US Department of Agriculture (NIFA 2018-67021-27716). CT Straub and JR Crosby acknowledge support from a US DoEd GAANN Fellowship (P200A160061). LL Lee acknowledges support from a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship and a NIH T32 Biotechnology Traineeship (GM008776-11).
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This manuscript is part of a special issue of Extremophiles journal for the 12th International Congress of Extremophiles (Extremophiles2018) that was held on 16–20 September 2018 in Ischia, Naples, Italy.
Submitted for: Special Issue for the 12th International Congress of Extremophiles (Ischia, Italy—2018)
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Lee, L.L., Crosby, J.R., Rubinstein, G.M. et al. The biology and biotechnology of the genus Caldicellulosiruptor: recent developments in ‘Caldi World’. Extremophiles 24, 1–15 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-019-01116-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-019-01116-5