Abstract
We applied fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using (GAA)10 microsatellite repeat alone or in combination with oligo pSc119.2-1, pTa535-1, pAs1-1, 5S and 45S rDNA probes to identify individual chromosomes and produce banded karyotypes for five allopolyploid Aegilops species that were thought to possess M subgenome. Labelling patterns of GAA repeats allow identification of individual chromosomes in the studied species including diploid Ae. comosa subsp. heldreichii (2n = MhMh) and Ae. umbellulata (2n = UU); and allopolyploid Ae. biuncialis (2n = UbUbMbMb), Ae. geniculata (2n = UgUgMgMg), Ae. columnaris (2n = UcUcXcXc), Ae. neglecta (2n = UnUnXnXn) and Ae. crassa (2n = 4x = D1D1XcrXcr and 2n = 6x = D1D1XcrXcrDcrDcr). Intraspecific polymorphisms of GAA labelling patterns were observed between different genotypes in each species. FISH results showed that the X* subgenomes of Ae. columnaris and Ae. neglecta are highly similar, implying that both species originated from a common ancestor. However, these X* subgenomes were also distinct from and more heterochromatic when compared to the M* subgenomes of Ae. biuncialis and Ae. geniculata. This suggests that the X* subgenomes may not have originated from the Ae. comosa, as previously thought. Although (GAA)n bands are relatively few and weak in Ae. tauschii (DD genome), all 4x Ae. crassa (D1D1XcrXcr genome) chromosomes showed distinct GAA patterns. (GAA)10 probe alone was not sufficient for the discrimination of all the chromosomes of 6x Ae. crassa (D1D1XcrXcrDcrDcr), which needs a combination of (GAA)10 with the pTa535-1 or pAs1-1 probes.
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Acknowledgements
Aegilops genotypes, as indicated in Table 1, were kindly provided by Dr. W. J. Raupp and Dr. B. S. Gill, Wheat Genetic & Genomic Resources Center, Kansas State University, USA or provided by the IPK gene bank, Germany. This work was originally the MSc thesis of ZA at the University of Kurdistan. GM was supported by a fellowship within a 3-month DAAD program to visit ASM at Justus Liebig University in 2018. ASM is supported by DFG Emmy Noether grant MA6473/1-1.
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GM conceived and designed research. ZA and GM conducted experiments. ASM contributed to manuscript revisions and critical discussions. EB contributed to chromosome identification, critical discussions and manuscript revisions.
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Abdolmalaki, Z., Mirzaghaderi, G., Mason, A.S. et al. Molecular cytogenetic analysis reveals evolutionary relationships between polyploid Aegilops species. Plant Syst Evol 305, 459–475 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-019-01585-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-019-01585-3