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Phylogeography and demographic history of Zamia paucijuga Wieland (Zamiaceae), a cycad species from the Mexican Pacific slope

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Abstract

We have investigated the phylogeographic structure and demographic history of Zamia paucijuga, based on 120 ITS2 and 117 psbK/I sequences from 13 populations distributed along the entire distribution range of the species. We have detected 15 ITS2 and four psbK/I haplotypes, for a total of 19. The genetic diversity estimated for psbK/I was relatively lower than the ITS2 diversity. These results imply that the average genetic diversity in Z. paucijuga is lower in comparison with other cycad species, but relatively higher than the diversity found in conifers. Non-hierarchical and hierarchical AMOVAs for ITS2 and psbK/I showed both low and high levels of genetic structure. This discrepancy likely reflects a decrease in gene flow intensity for seeds but high pollen gene flow, which correlates with the divergent inheritance processes in nuclear vis-à-vis organellar DNAs. SAMOVA tests for both loci (ITS2 and psbK/I) showed high correspondence with the regional geographic structure defined a priori, indicating that the use of both nuclear and chloroplast gene regions improves inferences concerning the evolutionary processes that affect population dynamics in Z. paucijuga. Furthermore, our results are consistent with the conclusions of other studies on the origin of the genus Zamia, which support locating the diversification times of Z. paucijuga populations in the Pleistocene.

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Acknowledgments

Financial support for this study was obtained from Mexican grants CONABIO GE004, CONACyT134960, and INECOL A. C. 2003/10776. We thank Francisco Ornelas, Isabel Sanmartín, and three anonymous referees for theirs critical review of a previous version of this manuscript. The data reported in this paper are tabulated in the Supporting Online Material, and has been archived in GenBank (KC123220–KC123235, and HQ454120–HQ454133).

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  1. Laboratorio de Genética de Poblaciones, Red de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Km 2.5 Antigua Carretera a Coatepec No. 351, 91070, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico

    Janet Nolasco-Soto, Jorge González-Astorga & Anwar Medina-Villarreal

  2. Laboratorio de Taxonomía Integrativa, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n, Col. Industrial Ánimas, 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico

    Fernando Nicolalde-Morejón

  3. Laboratorio de Sistemática Molecular (Jardín Botánico), Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Coyoacán, México, D.F, Mexico

    Francisco Vergara-Silva

  4. Laboratorio de Sistemática Filogenética, Red de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Km 2.5 Antigua Carretera a Coatepec No. 351, 91070, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico

    Alejandro Espinosa de los Monteros

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  1. Janet Nolasco-Soto
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  2. Jorge González-Astorga
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  3. Fernando Nicolalde-Morejón
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Correspondence to Jorge González-Astorga.

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Nolasco-Soto, J., González-Astorga, J., Nicolalde-Morejón, F. et al. Phylogeography and demographic history of Zamia paucijuga Wieland (Zamiaceae), a cycad species from the Mexican Pacific slope. Plant Syst Evol 301, 623–637 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-014-1101-1

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